寄生的

Trichogramma showed high control efficacy on cotton bollworm eggs after three times of release both in the second and in the third generation bollworm periods. The parasitism on the second and third generation bollworm eggs were 66.0%-70.7% and 76.0%-81.2%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control (second generation: 7.0%-12.3%, third generation: 5.2%-7.4%). And the injury rate of cotton buds and bolls in the second and third generation bollworm were 2.2% and 3.1%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that in the control (second generation:8.5%, third generation: 20.9%). In the second generation bollworm period, number of bollworm eggs or larvae in the Trichogramma released cotton field did not differ to that in the chemically controlled field. But in the third generation, there were significantly less bollworm eggs and larvae in the Trichogramma released cotton field. There were more predators in the Trichogramma released cotton field. These results indicated that cotton boll worm in the transgenic insect-resistant cotton field can he effectively controlled by mass-releasing of T.

结果发现：棉铃虫卵在棉株不同部位的分布差异较大，2代棉铃虫卵主要分布在叶正面、叶背面和茎尖，3代棉铃虫卵主要分布于蕾铃；在放蜂田，赤眼蜂对棉株不同部位棉铃虫卵的寄生率差异较大，2，3代棉铃虫时期对叶正面、叫背面、茎尖、蕾铃的棉铃虫卵寄生率均较高，对叶柄和茎杆处卵的寄生率较低；并以3代棉铃虫时期的寄生率较高；在2，3代棉铃虫时期分别连续释放3次赤眼蜂，对棉铃虫具有很强控制作用，2，3代棉铃虫卵的被寄生率分别为66.0%~70.7%和76.0%~81.2%，均显著高于化防田的自然寄生率（2代：7.0%~12.3%，3代：5.2%~7.4%）；蕾铃被害率分别为2.2%和3.1%，均显著低于化防田（2代：8.5%，3代：20.9%；2代棉铃虫时期，放蜂田和化防田的棉铃虫卵量和幼虫数量差异均不显著，但3代棉铃虫以后，放蜂田棉铃虫卵量和幼虫数量均显著低于化防田，且放蜂田的捕食性天敌数量显著高于化防田。

The journal covers abstracts of the world's literature on insects and other arthropods which transmit diseases or are otherwise injurious to man and to animals of significance to man, with subject on arthopods which are disease vendors, haematophagous, ectoparasitic, agents of myiasis, allergenic, associated with carrion or dung, venomous or toxic, or otherwise of public health importance, including physiology, taxonomy, ecology, genetics, molecular biology, immunology, disease transmission pest management, pesticides, entomopathogens, parasites and predators.

杂志刊载世界各地传播疾病或对于人类重要的其他对人类和动物有害的疾病的昆虫和节肢动物方面文献的摘要，主题涉及传播疾病的，吸血的，外寄生的，蝇蛆病的媒介，引起过敏的，以及腐肉，粪便，有毒的节肢动物，或其他的与公共卫生有重要关系的方面内容，包括生理学，分类学，生态学，遗传学，分子生物学，免疫学，疾病传播昆虫的管理，杀虫剂，昆虫病原微生物，寄生虫和食肉动物。

Specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the type II IL-1βreceptor (IL-1RII, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjaini Mikailo, 1975. Cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitatie RT–PCR technique.

用半定量RT-PCR的方法，研究初次感染和二次感染体外寄生的单殖吸虫---三代虫后，虹鳟鱼苗的皮肤中促炎症细胞因子IL-1β及IL-1βII型受体（IL-1RII）的特异性基因表达。

Specific gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the type II IL-1βreceptor (IL-1RII, 'decoy receptor') was studied in skin of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) fry during infection with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini Mikailov, 1975. Cytokine expression was studied in both primary and secondary infections using a semi-quantitative RT–PCR technique.

用半定量RT-PCR的方法，研究初次感染和二次感染体外寄生的单殖吸虫---三代虫后，虹鳟鱼苗的皮肤中促炎症细胞因子IL-1β及IL-1βII型受体（IL-1RII）的特异性基因表达。

Comparison was made between the biological classification system for soil borne plant parasitic nematodes of the Tylenchina suborder and with a nonbiological one (Chinese Soil Taxonomy as an example) in biodiversity characteristics by calculating the power law distribution and Lognormal distribution of the two systems to analyze their similarities and differences.

本文通过计算两种系统分类的幂律和对数正态分布，对土壤植物寄生的线虫类分类体系和非生物系统分类的多样性特征进行了比较，进而分析它们之间的相似性和差异性。

A The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.

我理解选项的意思是黄蜂卵能够寄生的最小的寄主卵的大小可以根据黄蜂产卵的行为从理论上推算出来。

The exact position where pear scab parasite in leaves was pectin layer.The primary injections of V.nashicola to resistant,suspectible and non-host materials were similar,the increasing rate of subcuticular hyphae on suspectible material is far higher than resistant and non-host material,and dead hyphae appeared on resistant and non-host material,which indicated that resistance expressed after hyphae had invaded cuticular.

梨黑星菌在叶片中寄生的具体位置是果胶层。V.nashicola对抗性、易感和非寄主材料的初期侵染相似，当真菌侵入角质层之后，亚角质层菌丝在易感材料中的增长速率远远高于抗性和非寄主材料，并且在抗性和非寄主材料上出现死亡菌丝，这些都表明抗性是在真菌侵入角质层之后表达的。

The feature adaptation of P.rigidula and the evolution of the parasitic shrubs had been discussed. Some of the characteristics based on the superparasitic chains elucidate the evolutionary processi...

讨论认为，重寄生链上的一些渐变特征展现林木上寄生灌木具有 2个演化阶段，即以自养树木为寄主的半寄生灌木演化阶段，和以树木上半寄生灌木为直接寄主的重寄生灌木演化阶段；重寄生属植物特殊的生活习性和形态结构特征，是与其在寄主桑寄生科半寄生灌木上生活的特殊环境相适应的，是与其寄主、传播花粉蚂蚁类昆虫和传播种子鸟类协同演化的结果。

Another common cause of a parasitic outbreak is inadequate quarantine of new fish, although many aquarists are loathe to quarantine new fish prior to introducing them into their permanent home.

另一个常见的原因寄生的爆发是不足够的检疫新的鱼，虽然许多 aquarists 是喜欢检疫新鱼之前，向他们介绍到他们永久的家。

Cysticercus ellulosae could live in liver not only in muscle as we thought before. During the fast process of sending pigs to go into the market, it should be aware that even though cysticerci are not found in liver, they may be still in suitable locations of muscles, and more attention should be paid to pig quarantine.

猪囊尾蚴除在四肢肌肉等主要寄生部位生长外，还可以在猪的肝脏内寄生，但是随感染时间增加会逐渐死亡和钙化，表明在当前生猪快速出栏养殖过程中，猪肝脏无囊尾蚴寄生时，其余主要寄生部位如四肢和驱干肌肉内仍有囊尾蚴寄生，提示在生猪检验检疫工作中应予以重视。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。