寄主植物

Mutualism is a relationship between individuals of different species that benefits all the partners. However, this interaction may also be described as mutual exploitation. The "host sanctions effect" predicts that the hosts punish partners that cheat by receiving benefits without paying for them. Fig trees and their fig-pollinating wasps constitute a mutualistic system with a mainly one-to-one relationship.

为验证榕树与其传粉榕小蜂这一严格的、一对一的互利共生系统中是否存在寄主惩罚效应，作者于2007年在云南省西双版纳热带植物园中对雌雄同株的垂叶榕仍进行了单果放蜂实验。

Sufficient pathogen, susceptible host and favourable environmental conditions,which are necessary to the outbreaking of the plant disease.

一定数量的病原生物、易感病的寄主以及有利的发病条件是任何病原生物引起的植物病害发生的必要条件。

Range and Importance of Host -- Larvae of the Asian longhorned beetle feed on more than 24 species groups in the Orient and Palearctic, many of which are nonnative to North America.

寄主范围和重要性——光肩星天牛幼虫在东方和古北区取食多于24种群体的植物，其中大部分是非源于北美的。

Shrubs, usually aerial hemiparasites on other seed plants, often spreading along host by runners, more rarely terrestrial root-parasitic shrubs or trees, nodes not articulated, glabrous or hairy, hairs often stellate or verticillate. Leaves opposite or alternate, stipules absent; petiole often indistinct; leaf blade simple, usually pinnately veined, margin entire.

灌木，通常半寄生在其它种子植物的树上，通过匍匐茎在寄主身上延伸，很少为根寄生的地生灌木或乔木，节没有关节，无毛或有毛，通常为星状毛或具毛轮，对生叶或交替，托叶无；叶柄不明显；单叶，通常羽状脉，边缘全缘。

Inoculating test plants through vector,observing symptom and using universal primers(R16mF2/R16mR1)for phytoplasma 16S rDNA were conducted.1.4 kb DNA fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reactionin DNA samples extracted from inoculated wheat and viruliferous Psammotettix striatus L.respectively.

采用介体接种植物，症状观察和应用植原体16S rDNA基因通用引物对R16mF2/R16mR1进行PCR扩增，在接种小麦和传毒介体中均扩增出1.4kb的特异片段，鉴定出小麦蓝矮植原体新寄主7种。

It was conclude that wind and weevils were effective pollination vectors for C. elongata, which inconsistent that Zamiaceae was host-specific insect pollination.

可见，风媒和虫媒都是越南篦齿苏铁的有效传粉途径，与泽米铁类植物为专一寄主性昆虫传粉的结论不一致。

Additionally, one SsDRV-free strain Ep-1PNA183av that showed hypovirulence was isolated from a mutant of healthy strain Ep-1PNA183, this strain also immunizes the infection of SsDRV, it would be a valuable material to study on the interaction between SsDRV and its host. Surprisingly, we discovered that SsDRV could be transmitted into S. nivalis (in the same genus to S. sclerotiorum) when cultured side by side on PDA plate, this discovery may supply new evidence for the exchange of genetical elements among different species in fungi; the transmission of mycovirus to other species showed that the limitation of vegetative imcompatiblity among different strains might not be key factor to determine the efficiency of biological control with hypovirulence associated mycovirus.

发现了1株不携带SsDRV的核盘菌弱毒力菌株，该菌株对SsDRV具有显著抗性，是研究SsDRV与寄主互作的宝贵材料；还发现SsDRV可以在核盘菌种间传递，深入研究将为生物在种间的遗传物质交换提供了新的证据，也将为广泛利用弱毒相关病毒控制植物病害提供理论依据。

Many insects use crucifers as hosts.

许多昆虫以十字花科植物为寄主。

The resistance mechanism of maize to head smut were first studied by determining endogenous hormone changes during host - pathogen interaction.

本文从寄主与病菌互作过程中植物内源激素变化揭示玉米对丝黑穗病的抗性机制。

Terpenoid is an important secondary metabolites of plant, and it is involved in host recognition, information communication, and tritrophic system relation.

萜类化合物是植物一类重要的次生代谢物，在寄主识别和信息通讯及3层营养关系等生态关系上具有重要功能。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。