寄主

Access to a large number of Chinese and foreign literatures, this text summarized the life cycle of aphids including anholocyclic type, heteroecious holocyclic type and antoecious holocyclic type, and the important biological characteristics including alternation of generations, difference of hibernation and polymorphism, it offered the theory basic of comprehensive prevention and control.

通过查阅大量的中外文献，对蚜虫生活周期的不全周期生活史、全周期同寄主生活史和全周期异寄主生活史进行了阐述，归纳出蚜虫生活周期中的世代交替、越冬方式的差异、多型现象几个主要生物学特点，为蚜虫的科学控制提供一定的参考价值。

Score GR and 30% Armure EC showed best inhibiting to mycelial growth, but the 10% polyoxin B DP was the worst. Leaves of four turfgrass species (Cynodon hybrid, Lolium perenne, Agrostis plustris, Poa pratensis) were inoculated with conidial suspensions of C.verruculosus.

喷雾病原菌分生孢子悬浮液于狗牙根、黑麦草、高羊茅、早熟禾等几种草坪草活体叶片上并保湿培养，在接种后不同时间点分别从每个寄主上取样，对样品进行组织透明、染色，观察病原菌对寄主植物的侵染过程。

Although each of the 11 species of the bark beetle had its own spatial niche and overlogs niche, they could attain competitive equilibrium and coexistance according to their requirment for different nutrition and space, the interference of population density and the different time interval attacking the host tree.

虽然，这11种小蠹虫具有各自不同的生态位宽度，且存在不同程度的生态位重叠，但各小蠹虫可依据其对寄主树木营养和空间需求的不同、种群密度的相互制约，以及入侵寄主树木时序的差异达到竞争的平衡和共存。

In addition this paper,"Bio-Rad method," two parasitic wasps of the post-embryonic development the process of protein accumulation in young bees and the host Plutella xylostella in this process in vivo haemolymph protein content were measured and found that over time, was gifuensis parasitic larvae of the diamondback moth haemolymph protein content showed an upward trend in nearly a straight line, Ichneumonidae parasitic For example, in the early parasitic diamondback moth haemolymph protein content also showed the trend of slow growth, but in the mid-and late parasitic young bee about to be completed in the development of the host body when to stop feeding, a significant downward trend却呈, and significantly lower than the third day of its own protein content; on the same day of the different species of the diamondback moth parasitic wasp hemolymph protein content compared Ichneumonidae Parasitism of diamondback moth have hemolymph protein content than in the third and fourth day after the parasitic Braconidae hemolymph content to be high, but very different in the case of the fifth day, as evidenced by her side after the parasitic bee moth haemolymph protein content is cocoon of the parasitic bee hemolymph protein content of 0.7 times.

另外本文采用"Bio-Rad法"对两种寄生蜂胚后发育过程中幼蜂蛋白积累及寄主小菜蛾在此过程中体内血淋巴蛋白含量进行了测定，结果发现随时间的推移，被茧蜂寄生小菜蛾幼虫的血淋巴蛋白含量是呈近直线增加趋势，而对于姬蜂寄生来说，在寄生初期小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量也呈缓慢增长趋势，但在寄生中后期，幼蜂即将完成在寄主体内的发育取食停止时，却呈大幅下降趋势，且明显低于其自身第三天的蛋白含量；对同一天的被不同种寄生蜂寄生的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量进行比较，姬蜂寄生过的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量在第三天和第四天均比茧蜂寄生后的血淋巴含量要高，但在第五天的情况大不相同，表现为被姬蜂寄生后的小菜蛾血淋巴蛋白含量是被茧蜂寄生的血淋巴蛋白含量的0.7倍。

The Parthenolecanium corni Bouche has the certain degree difference between two kind of host plants population(Fraxinus chinensis Raxb, Robinia pseudoacacia Linn ). This kind of difference and biology habit and host plant related.

可能是由于寄主营养条件及寄主内部不同结构所形成的小环境差异对扁平球坚蚧不同种群间遗传变异起到了重要作用。

Haustoria A specialized outgrowth of many parasitic fungi and certain parasitic plants such as dodder and broomrape, that penetrates into and withdraws food material from the cells of the host plant.

吸器：是某些寄生真菌和某些寄生植物如菟丝子和肉苁蓉所长出的特化结构，它可以刺入寄主植物体内并从寄主细胞中吸取营养物质。

Through a great number of field investigations and inoculation identifications, six corn varieties( Denghail, Jidan209, Dan639, Nongda3138, Benyu9) and two corn inbred-lines( Mo 17 and Huangzao4 ) widely popularized and used in Jilin province corn production and corn breeding now were defined as ideal differential hosts for pathogens of Sporisorium reilianum .They represented different resistant and susceptible level of corn to Sporisorium reilianum and were able to group the pathogen collections of Sporisorium reilianum from different corn-grown areas in Jilin.

经过大量的田间调查及人工接种鉴定，确定了登海1、吉单209、吉单180、丹639、农大3138、本育九、Mol 7和黄早四为较理想的玉米丝黑穗病鉴别寄主，初步建立了吉林省玉米丝黑穗菌致病性分化的鉴别寄主体系，该鉴别体系中的6个玉米品种及2个玉米自交系代表了吉林省正在推广使用的玉米品种资源和二大骨干自交系，对今后鉴定和监测病菌致病类型的分化具有重要作用。

"Dodder is a very difficult pest to control," De Moraes says."The reason for that is that it attaches to the host plant, and it makes it very hard to kill the weed plant without killing the host."

"菟丝子是非常难以控制的有害植物，"德·莫拉埃斯说，"由于它缠绕在寄主植物上，若不杀死寄主植物，也就很难消灭它。"

An unusual isolate from watercress mottle,in association withturnip mosaic and cucumber mosaic viruses,produced small white local necrotic lesions on sapinoculated leaves of Nicotiana tabacum,N.rustica,N.glutinosa,Datura stramonium,Solanumnigra,Brassica pekinensis,B.chinensis,B.campestris,Raphanus sativa,Nasturtium officinale,Spinacia oleracea and Amaranthus mangostanus while small brown local necrotic lesions onGomphrena globosa,Phaseolus vulgaris,Dolichos lablab...

在北京香山樱桃沟野生的十字花科豆瓣菜上发现有芜菁花叶病毒、黄瓜花叶病毒以及一种未报导过的"小白斑"病毒的复合病。小白斑病毒在20多种寄主上，包括十字花科，单独汁液接种时只能产生局部坏死病斑，不能系统侵染；单独接种而能系统感染的寄主有百日菊，只产生极轻微的深浅绿花叶，甚至有时几乎无病状。小白斑病毒能在复合病情况下系统存在于豆瓣菜中是值得注意的一种现象。

Co-culture with Haloxylon ammodendron, the primary haustorium conglutinate with young roots of the host (0.1 mm), pass through the host's epidermis and cortex, then connect with the vascular bundle and transform into secondary haustorium, shaped by fundamental tissues of differentiation and development.

肉苁蓉与寄主梭梭共培养，其初生吸器主动与寄主幼根（0.1mm左右）黏连，穿过寄主根表皮和皮层后与维管束连通形成次生吸器，肉苁蓉植物体分化、发育的基本组织形成。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。