容量分析法

Based on the analysis of Laoshan District, the research was carried on including water environment capacity, water allocation and forewarning evaluation. Hydraulics, System Dynamics and analytic hierarchy process are applied in the research. The main contents and conclusions are as following:1. With economic development, urbanization and continuous improvement of people\'s living standards, the demand of water resources in Laoshan District will continue to increase dramatically.

本文在分析青岛市崂山区水资源利用现状的基础上，运用水力学、系统动力学和层次分析法，对区域水环境容量、水资源优化配置和水资源复合系统安全预警进行了系统的研究，主要得到以下结论：1、随着经济建设、城市化的发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，崂山区水资源需求量正在并将继续急剧增加，且由于区域水资源时空分布不均衡，新水源开发、客水调入难度大，部分地区已出现水资源紧缺状况。

In order to get the more accurate data of atmospheric capacity about this type of area, such as Yueyang, this paper analyzed the characteristics of Yueyang meteorology, gathered the features of atmospheric pollution sources, worked out the main problems in environmental protection. In addition, we analyzed the rule of atmospheric transport and diffusion, and took the Frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of Yueyang, which was achieved by A-P index, and compares the modified data of atmospheric capacity with the data of atmospheric capacity achieved by multi-source. The results indicated that according to the fact of lake and breeze, taking the frequency of lake and breeze to modify the data of atmospheric capacity of the field with stable lake and breeze, which is achieved by A-P index, made the atmospheric capacity more accurate. Accordingly, the result could be more reliable if the modified data is taken to calculate the atmospheric capacity when we assess the impact on the environment of the field with stable lake and land breeze.

为准确地求得这一类型地区的大气环境容量，本文研究了岳阳市城区大气环境的主要特点，收集大气污染源数据并进行分析，查明岳阳市城区主要环境问题，分析岳阳市城区主要大气污染物的迁移转化规律，对A-P指数法求得的岳阳市大气环境容量值用湖陆风频率进行修正，并将修正后的大气环境容量与多源模型(区域大气环境容量计算模型)求得的大气环境容量进行对比，得出结论：根据湖陆风环流情况下的大气扩散方式，对有稳定的湖陆风环流的地区，采用湖陆风频率修正A-P指数法求大气环境容量，进一步提高了计算的准确性。

Consequently, the improvement of cycle life is described as the partial substitution of Zr for Mg in the alloy.

XRD结构分析表明：主相仍为Mg↓2Ni； Zr替代Mg使合金的微晶结构发生了改变，趋于非晶化；添加Zr的合金的容量比由扩散法合成的合金的容量有所提高；合金中添加Zr，提高了电极的放电容量，增大了放电平台；特别是Zr 对六方晶系Mg2Ni合金结构中Mg的部分取代大幅度提高了电极的循环寿命，未经任何处理的 Mg1.4Zr0.6Ni合金电极经25个循环后，放电容量仅衰减4.11%，表明添加Zr对提高合金的循环寿命具有重要的作用。

The instrument is designed according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2005 edition of the capacity analysis requirements of the end-point titration.

概述 本仪器是根据中国药典2005版对容量分析永停滴定法的要求而设计的一款新颖微电脑控制的自动永停滴定仪。

Radio-ligand binding assay was applied to determine the maximum binding and affinity changes of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on five weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rat's lateral pterygoid muscle and superficial masseter muscle after the function mandibular advancement.

本研究在以往研究的基础上，首次对功能矫形的神经肌肉调控机理进行探索。应用放射受体分析法，从膜受体蛋白分子水平定量研究功能矫形前伸青春期SD大鼠（5周龄）下颌后，下颌前伸肌细胞膜烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体最大结合容量和亲和性的变化。

The measurement system error model analysis is introduced into power system real time network state analysis as an important part for the first time, which can improve on the state estimation quality and provide the capability to monitor the operation of the measurement system; 2. The theory and algorithm of the on-line estimation and update of measurement noise variance based on the relation between the residual variance and noise variance. The statistic properties of the sample variance are discussed and the relation between the estimation precision and sample size under given confidence level is derived; 3. The theory and algorithm of detection and identification of measurement bias are presented, which is based on the relation between residual mean and noise mean. The statistic properties of sample mean are discussed and the relation between estimation precision and sample size is derived; 4. The Givens orthogonal transformation algorithm is selected to be the essential algorithm of state estimation, the fast orthogonal transformation algorithm with damp factor and the algorithm which can handle the zero injection measurements efficiently are presented; 5. The quantity analysis theory of bad data detectivity and identifibility are presented, which describes the relation between the elements in matrix W〓 and bad data amplitude and can provide the theory base for measurement system design and valuation.

一、首次将量测系统误差模型分析做为一个环节引入电力系统实时网络状态分析中，为EMS系统增加了实时监视系统运行、修正量测系统误差模型的新功能，进一步发挥了实时网络状态分析应用软件的潜力；二、首次提出了应用样本方差在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的基本理论，讨论了样本方差的统计性质和概率分布，推导出了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的关系，给出了在线估计与修正量测系统误差方差的算法；三、首次提出了应用样本均值在线检测与辨识量测偏差的基本理论，讨论了样本均值的统计性质，推导了样本容量、估计精度和置信度之间的基本关系，给出了在线检测与辨识量测偏差的算法；四、在状态估计算法设计中，以Givens变换算法做为基本算法，提出了快速正交变换阻尼因子法和可以有效地处理零注入量测的混合法，并对实时应用中的一些问题进行了讨论；五、提出了不良数据可检测性与可辨识性的定量分析理论，揭示了描述量测系统配置、网络结构与参数的残差灵敏度矩阵中的元素与不良数据的幅值在可检测、可辨识能力上的定量关系，为量测系统配置设计与评价提供了理论基础；六、综合国内外最新研究成果，采用自适应自回归预测技术和稀疏矢量技术，构造了较完善的不良数据检测与辨识算法。

This thesis uses DEA to compare the WANO's performance indicators among three nuclear power plants in Taiwan. We take the past 7 years'(1997-2003) data of 3 plants, there are 21 DMUs totally. Due to the importance of the nuclear power plant safety performance , we adopt the output estimation by assuming the input as a constant; Five outputs parameters such as unit capability factor, unplaned automatic scrams are chosen to proceed the comparison and get the relative efficiency. We also collect the WANO performance indicators data of the same type nuclear power plants as Taiwan in the United State during 1999-2003 to proceed the same comparison with the domestic three nuclear power plants , in order to understand the relative efficiency between two groups.

本文系利用数据包络分析法，针对台湾地区三座核能电厂之世界核能协会绩效指标的实绩进行实证比较，研究对象是以这三座电厂过去七年（1997--2003）来的实绩比较，每一年度为一个评估单位，共有21个DMUs，由於核能电厂安全绩效之重要性甚高，故本研究纯粹以产出项为考量的绩效评比方式，故将投入项设为常数；产出项则选取机组容量因数、非计划自动急停次数等五项参数，进行评比求出其相对效率；另外也收集了1999—2003年美国同型电厂之WANO绩效指标实绩进行比较，以了解国本国三座核能电厂相较於美国电厂之相对效率为何？

The underfrequency load shedding scheme is used to stop the frequency decline and restore frequency in case of severe upsets. Based on some basic principles given in the paper, the entire underfrequency load shedding scheme has been achieved in the single-machine system model and then tested in the multi-machine system model.

在UFLS的设计过程中，本文针对现代大型电力系统对频率动态过程的基本要求，提出了一套用于UFLS方案设计和效果分析的基本准则，在此基础上提出了单机模型下的最大可用容量切除法用于UFLS基本级的设计，讨论了恢复级的设计原则并给出了一组设计结果，所得的UFLS方案在多机系统中进行了详细的校核。

Firstly, we research the Vlasov antenna with reflector mainly. A new method to calculate the radiation of the antenna is founded with Vectorial Theory of Diffraction, and the corresponding program is made. The reflective characters of Vlasov antenna are studied with Moment Methods, and the results show that the total reflected energy is less than 0.25%. The radiation patterns of the antenna are analyzed, and the formulas to estimate the wave beam parameters and to design the antenna are provided. The feasibility of radiating high-order modes by Vlasov antenna is also discussed and verified. The hermetization of the Vlasov antenna is researched and the results show that with such kinds of hermetization the antenna can work under gigawatt level. The design of the mode converter from TEM to TMoi is studied, which is useful when the TEM coaxial mode is radiated by Vlasov antenna. At last, the flared-end Vlasov antenna is also discussed.

在Vlasov天线方面：用矢量绕射理论建立了天线辐射场的计算模型并编写了计算程序，该程序计算结果在主瓣上与实验测量吻合良好，近旁瓣也基本一致；利用矩量法计算了天线的反射系数，表明该天线有较小的反射，总的能量反射小于0.25％；详细分析了天线的辐射特性，给出了天线辐射波束相关参数的估算公式和天线设计公式；进一步研究和论证了Vlasov天线辐射高阶轴对称模的可行性；对天线的密封方式和功率容量进行了讨论，结果表明在不需很大密封罩的情况下可以获得GW级的功率容量；为了用Vlasov天线辐射同轴TEM模，研究了TEM-TM_(01)模式转换器的设计，得到了一些基本规律；最后，介绍和分析了带有锥形喇叭的Vlasov天线。

The paper has mainly introduced the fuses equipment and their function of the electric equipment 6502. Analysis and discussion on selecting the protective fuses for each grade in the three have been performed. The theoretical analysis and field surveying have concluded that the capacity of the fuses of the first grade should be selected by the capacity of the power screen, the mid-value method should be adopted in capacity selecting of the fuses in the 2nd grade and the 3rd grade fuses should be ensured by the maximum loads current.

详细介绍了6502电气集中设备熔断器的设备和作用，并对三级防护的各级防护熔断器的选择进行了逐级分析和探讨，理论分析和现场实测认为：第一级熔断器的容量按电源屏容量要求选择；第二级熔断器的容量选择采用中值法；第三级熔断器则根据最大负载电流来确定。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。