宫廷

On the one hand the content reflects the essence and changing of well-established "courtly love", on the other hand it elaborates Victorians' view of love and sex, such as the spirit of chivalry, imprisoned love, femme fatale, adultery, combination of love and death.

内容上一方面反映出西方源远流长的「宫廷之爱」的本质与流变，一方面阐述了维多利亚人对爱情的看法及对性别角色的定位，最常被描绘的有骑士精神、禁锢之爱、致命女性、不伦之爱、爱与死亡等。

It is one of the valuable English works in the 14th century and,especially,its "Prologue" both inherits the courtly love poetry tradition and transcends it,turning the "garden of love" into a place of comic conflicts,which is absent in contemporary English literature.

它是14世纪英国文学中为数不多的佳作之一，特别是其&引子&，既继承了宫廷爱情的诗歌传统，又进行了创新，使&爱情之园&成为喜剧性冲突的场所，实为当时英国文学所仅有。同时，诗人在&引子&里还表达了他注重现实的创作思想，这在英国文学史上也有一定意义。

Though much of the class will be devoted to exploring the evolution of a new literary tradition by and for women from its earliest emergence in the West, wider historical and cultural movements will also be addressed: the Fall of the Roman Empire, the growth of religious communities, the shift from orality to literacy, the culture of chivalry and courtly love, the emergence of scholasticism and universities, changes in devotional practices, the persecution of heretics, the rise of nationalism and class consciousness.

本课程主要在检视西方新兴女性所主导的新文学传统的发展，并研究更为宽泛的历史文化运动，其中包括：罗马帝国的衰亡、宗教团体的发展、从口述文学到书面文学的转变、宫廷文化和优雅的爱、经院哲学和大学的兴起、宗教习俗的变化、异教徒遭受迫害以及民族主义和阶级意识的出现。

One of a class of12th-century and13th-century lyric poets in Provence, northern Italy, and northern Spain, who composed songs in langue d'oc often about courtly love.

抒情诗人12至13世纪法国普罗旺斯，意大利北部和西班牙北部的抒情诗人，他们用中世纪法国南部方言创作宫廷爱情歌曲

Chivalry courtly love Middle Ages romance

骑士精神；宫廷爱情；中世纪；浪漫传奇

Since then, the custom of the Lantern Festival lights up from only held in court and spread to the private sector.

此后，元宵放灯的习俗就由原来只在宫廷中举行而流传到民间。

In court v.s. at court

在法庭上 v.s。在宫廷内

We have seen bulbs in the shape of candles such as on chandeliers or in front of Buddha statues.

我们见过把灯泡伪装成蜡烛的，比如在宫廷式的枝形吊灯上，甚至佛龛里有烛光跳跃效果的灯泡等。

Chapter Two is about the history of embroidery including the folk embroidery and the imperial embroidery with its' embroiderers, and symbolic culture of embroidery. Chapter Three is about the rising of Zhenhu embroidery and it's relations with Zhenhu embroiderers, including leaving the soil to acknowledge the masters as their teachers, then they establish shops in the town. Chapter Four is about the producing, dealings and expanding the market of embroidery, including how to produce, transport, sell the embroidery concretely and expand the embroidery market.

第一章绪论介绍了论文的选题由来、意义和写作方法；第二章是关于苏绣的历史考察，介绍苏绣由&民间绣&向&闺阁绣&再到&宫廷绣&的历史演变及其文化象征意义；第三章是绣女与镇湖刺绣业的兴起，介绍镇湖绣女从土地上走出来拜师学艺，再到镇上开店的经过；第四章是刺绣的生产、交易和市场的扩张，介绍绣品具体的加工、运输、销售，以及绣女开拓市场的整个过程；第五章是绣女的角色转换与社会分层，介绍开店绣女的身份转变及由农到&非农&的适应过程；第六章是绣女的生活世界，介绍绣女在刺绣工作之外的家庭生活、社会活动以及思想观念的变化。

It was popularised by Quanjude, a restaurant that opened in 1864 with the help of some former palace chefs.

全聚德烤鸭店在一些前任宫廷御厨的帮助下，于1864年开张，从而烤鸭开始流行起来。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。