实验科学

Through the application of orthogonal method in the design of dehydrator,the text analyzed the result of experiment in variance,ascertained parameter's affecting in the design of dehydrator.

通过在除水器设计实验中应用正交法，使其在大量减少实验次数的前提下能够大致反映全面的实验结果，对实验结果进行方差分析，确定除水器设计中主要参数外圆直径、叶片切向角、叶片高度、叶片数目对脱水性能影响的程度，进行优化，为除水器设计中获取最佳设计参数提供科学依

The system terminal is designed to discern the identity to experiment operator through reading the IC card, and gather corresponding terminal operation information , through the communication with the control centre, realize a series of intelligent management of laboratory ,such as the platform power of the experiment opened automatically , long-range experiment performance rating and labware maintaining,etc..

系统终端主要设计用来通过读取IC卡对实验人进行身份识别，并采集相应的终端操作信息，通过与控制中心的通信，实现实验平台电源自动开启，远程实验成绩评定，实验室设备的科学维护等一系列实验室智能化管理。

The results showed that the experimental curricula of our faculty have many disadvantages, such as limited types of evaluators, outdated approaches for evaluation, less characteristics and incomprehensive evaluation system, which need to be improved. Thus, according to the teaching methods and characteristics of our four-leveled experimental curricula i.e.

因此，针对华东师范大学生命科学学院构建的基础生物实验课程、探究型综合生物实验课程、开放型专题研究实验课程和实践活动这四个层次的实验课程的教学组织方式和特点，以每个层次中的一门课程为代表，分别设计了相应的学习评价体系。

Experiment of General Biology is the most basic and representative experimental method and technology selected. Students are required to have a good command of its basic knowledge and skills as well as to lay a strong foundation for the Comprehensive Experiments. The

基础性实验是经过精选的最基本的、具有代表科学特点的实验方法和技术，通过学习使用学生掌握相应学科的基本知识与基本技能，为综合性实验奠定基础。

He made advances in industrial chemistry; in the field of analytical chemistry he improved the methods of analyzing gas mixtures, studied prussic acid and iodine, and isolated cyanogen.

给吕萨克非常重视科学观察和实验。他总是认真地把实验数据及时地一一记录下来，每当坐下来的时候，他就全神贯注地研究起那些实验现象，分析实验数据。

In order to overcome the separation between inside knowledge (take intelligence as the center)and the outside knowledge, to avoid rigid thinking and the check and supervision of the authority, and to strengthen the adaptation and the suitability for complicate context of education, in view of surmounting the Chinese traditional thinking of "center" and "use", according to "fusion of horizons", the practice is the "deep description" of education facts and the solution for education problems with "experiment and reform", the construction and generation of true education knowledge through "doubt and dispute", and the explanation and expression of rational education theories based on "texts and* words".

在中国现代教育研究中建构科学精神和科学规范则要突显"人"的主动建构和"文"的情境性互动，以动态生成的观念超越中国传统惯有的"体""用"思维，基于"视界融合"，展开主体性的教育科学研究实践，通过"实验与改造""深描"与优化教育问题和事实、通过"怀疑与争论"建构和生成教育知识的真理性、通过"文本与话语"解释与表达教育理论合理性，从而克服内源性知识和外源性知识的分离，避免思维的僵化和权威的制约，增强对复杂教育情境的适应和适切性。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

3D interaction network courseware places the users to real experience surroundings,which the 2D courseware hardly possible to realized.Along with the development of the computer and the Internet technology,3D interaction network courseware possibly will be the trendiness in the teaching software field under the development of the computer science and the Internet technology.

1研究背景物理是一门以实验为基础的学科，物理实验教学的任务是通过实验加深学生对物理知识的认识，培养学生理论联系实际的能力让学生学会常用的物理实验方法和测量技术，提高学生的实际操作技能和独立工作的能力同时使学生掌握科学研究的一般步骤、方法，学会合作，努力创新。

And in the "system" part, based on the historical tracing and critique, he sublated the classical science represented by Herbart and Spencer; uniting the a...

而在体系部分，他在历史追溯与批判的基础上，扬弃以赫尔巴特、斯宾塞等人为代表的古典教育科学，结合当时人类学与实验心理学的成就，在生命哲学与精神科学整体的基本立场的观照下，建立了较为严整的教育学的科学体系，促成了现代形态的教育科学的诞生。

By rigorous and clever experiments the three ethologists refined the lore of animal antics into a respectable science called ethology (roughly, the study of character). In 1973, they shared a Nobel prize for their pioneering achievements.

通过一些严格而智慧的实验，这三位动物行为的研究者把原来那些只属于喜欢动物的怪人的知识，变成了令人尊敬的科学，这门科学的名字就叫做&ethology&（粗略说，就是研究特性的科学）。1973的时候，他们因为这些开创性的工作成就共同获得了诺贝尔奖。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。