实验法

Preparation of the cathode includes:shaping under the press of 40Mpa, sintering at 550℃for 1 hour and at 900℃for 8 hours and threading with molybdenum bar; Considering the literatures we choose CaCl2 as salt for preparation titanium. Pretreatment of salt is for 1 hour at 100℃and for 2 hours at 300℃. Partial pressure of oxygen which need lower than 5.11×10-7Pa to reduct titanium oxides and hygroscopic property of salt need a sealed equipment to electrolyse. And finally successfully designed a satisfied one and the results show that the equipment can be satisfied the requirment of the experiment. Flow of the inert gas is 1.5L/min, the voltage is 2.8 V, temperature is 850℃and time is 2 hours during pre-electrolysis. Flow of the inert gas is 0.2L/min, the voltage is 3.1 V, temperature is 900℃and time changes with the mass of TiO2 during electrolysis, namely the greater need the longer time; To eliminate influence of salt and other impurities, the products need to wash with distilled water and dilute chlorhydric acid , then wash with dilute hydrochloric acid under supersonic wave assistant. Finally, electrometical properties of the electrolysis of TiO2 is researched by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and results show that there are two main reodox steps, namely from TiO2 to TiO and from TiO to Ti.

阴极制备主要包括40MPa压力下模压成型、两段式烧结(1小时内升至550℃保温1小时，再1小时升温至900℃保温8小时)及烧结后TiO2块打孔用钼棒串接三个主要环节；实验中选用CaCl2作为电解熔盐，并对其进行预处理(100℃，保温1小时； 300℃，保温2小时)；经热力学计算，还原钛氧化物的氧分压至少要低于5.11×10-7Pa，结合电解过程中所用熔盐CaCl2有极强的吸水性的特点，电解装置应有较高的密封性，自行设计了一套密封性可靠的电解装置，便于实验过程中熔盐预处理和氧分压的控制；通过干燥处理预电解过程中Ar流量大约为1.5L/min、电压为2.8 V、温度为850℃、时间为2小时，电解过程中Ar流量大约为0.2L/min、电压为3.1V、温度为900℃，实验结果表明电解时间与TiO2质量密切相关，质量越大需要电解的时间越长；通过自来水冲洗—稀盐酸浸泡、洗涤—在超声波辅助作用下稀盐酸洗涤，可减少熔盐及其它杂质对电解产物检测结果的影响；最后，通过循环伏安法、计时电流法对电解机理的研究，确定电解还原TiO2制备金属钛主要经历了TiO2-TiO-Ti的过程。

To overcome the shortcomings of the ammonia-alcohol method, this paper experimentally studied the green deacidification technology of diesel by the ammonia-alcohol method, which used low-temperature coalescence filtration in a self-made experimental device.

为克服醇氨法的缺点，在自制的实验装置上采用低温聚结过滤法对柴油醇氨法绿色脱酸技术进行实验研究。

Drug sensitive test and three-dimensional test220 strains of Pa were isolated from hospitalized patients between 2003 and 2007. K-B method was used to tested the susceptibility of 10 different antibiotics. IRPa was screened by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration of imipemem by using agar diluiion method.The susceptibility of these IRPa to the antibiotics was analysised. Three-dimensional test was used to identify the different kinds of beta lactamases from 220 strains of Pa.2.Carbarpenems hydrolytic enzyme genes and oprD2 gene were detectedamong the selected IRPa strains, PCR method was performed to detect carbapenemase genes which included GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM gene and the oprD2 gene;Multiplex PCR were used to detect OXA genes and plasmid-mediated AmpC beta lactamase genes; The expression of the chromosomal AmpC beta lactamases and oprD2 genes in IRPa strains were analyzed by Real-time PCR.3.Identification and characterization of integronsIntegrase gene was detected by PCR, and the classification of integrons was performed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism.PCR was performed to detect the qacE△1-sull gene,and the gene cassetes which are located at variable region of integrons in the strains were detected to be positive.

方法1、药敏实验和三维实验收集2003～2007年临床分离的220株Pa，对这些菌株采用K-B法测定10种临床常用抗生素的药敏情况，同时采用琼脂稀释法检测亚胺培南的最低抑菌浓度(Minimal inhibitory concentration，MIC)，筛选出对亚胺培南耐药的铜绿假单胞菌，并分析其对其它抗生素的药物敏感率；采用三维实验的方法分析220株Pa产β内酰胺酶的类型。2、碳青霉烯类水解酶和oprD2蛋白的检测针对鉴定的IRPa菌株，采用普通PCR方法检测具有碳青霉烯水解作用的β内酰胺酶耐药基因(GES、KPC、SPM、VIM、IMP、GIM基因)和oprD2基因，采用多重PCR的方法检测OXA型基因和质粒携带的AmpC酶基因，用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测oprD2蛋白基因表达情况；同时对产AmpC酶的Pa(25株，含IMP耐药和敏感株)用RT-PCR方法检测AmpC酶基因的表达量情况。3。

The main applications in the spectroscopic studies and lifetime measurement of highly ionized ions are summarized.2 The experimental principle and method of beam-foil spectroscopy are presented, andthe application of the isoelectronic sequence in the analyses of spectra is described, Cowan program for the theoretical calculations is introduced.3 The main facilities in our experiment are introduced.

本文对高离化态Cu和Ge离子的光谱进行实验研究，得到了一些新的实验结果，论文的主要内容如下： 1 回顾了束箔光谱法的发展历史，介绍了束箔光谱法的优点；总结了束箔光谱法在高离化态原子能级研究，高离化态原子能级寿命测量等方面的主要用途。

The results indicate the effect of light level, visual angle and eccentricity on detection rate and reaction time at mesopic region; shows series of spectral luminous efficacy drawn out from the experimental results since monochromatic stimulus was used; proves that the results from performance-based method are in essence compatible with those from bright-matching method, since both of them are in accordance

本论文实验和计算结果确定了背景亮度、视场角和偏心度对人眼探测率和反应时间的影响程度；根据视觉功能的基础和实验中选用单色光谱作为视觉目标所得到的数据推导出人眼在中间视觉状态下的系列的光谱光视效率函数；本文研究结果证实了基于视觉功能法和视亮度匹配法所获得的光谱光视效率函数在本质上的一致性，它们都能反映出随着亮度降低而产生的浦尔金耶偏移效应(Purkinje-shift)，但本论文所采用的基于视觉功能法还能反映出人眼视觉信息处理中的颜色通道效应。

AMs that collected, pured and cultured with contine method were stimulated by LPS of different concentration(0μg/ml,0.01μg/ml,0.1μg/ml,1μg/ml,10μg/ml) for 60min or by 1μg/ml LPS for different time stage (0min,5min,15min,30min,60min,120min) to observe the dynamic change of NF-кB intranuclear level and NO production, from which the best concentration and time point of LPS stimulation were selected. In the study, all AMs were divided into 4 groups: control group, group stimulated with LPS, group interrupted by Cal C and group inhibited by PDTC. The following parameters were measured: NF-кB level in nuclear protein extraction of AMs detected with sandwich ELISA, Inter-nuclear transposition of NF-кB observed with immunocytochemistry staining, NO content in cell culture medium quantitied with nitric acid reductase assay, Morphologic change of AMs in apoptosis observed with acridine orange staining and fragmentation at genome DNA of AMs detected with apoptotic electrophoresis assay.

分离、纯化及培养大鼠肺巨噬细胞；以不同浓度的LPS(0μg/ml，0.01μg/ml，0.1μg/ml，1μg/ml，10μg/ml)和不同作用时间(0min，5min，15min，30min，60min，120min)分别刺激小室培养的细胞单层，观察NF-κB的核内浓度及NO合成量的动态变化，选择LPS的最佳用量和作用时间；然后分成四组实验，设正常对照组，LPS处理组，特异性PKC抑制剂阻断组，NF-κB抑制剂阻断组；收集培养的单层细胞及培养液；采用夹心ELISA法定量测定细胞核提取物中的NF-κB水平；免疫组化法检测NF-κB的核内移位变化；硝酸还原酶法测定细胞培养液中NO含量；吖啶橙染色观察凋亡细胞的形态学变化，凋亡电泳实验检测细胞凋亡后基因组DNA的断裂情况。

The closed-cell aluminum foam was fabricated by direct foaming in melt. Through sampling aluminum foam in different stages the cross-section of them were observed and analyzed. It was explained how TiH_2 was decomposed after entered into the melt, how initial bubbles were formed and what was the state that generated bubbles and undecomposed TiH_2 lay in.

以熔体直接发泡法制备闭孔泡沫铝材实验为基础，通过获得不同实验阶段的泡沫铝样品，以及对实验样品切面或断面进行观察和分析，描述了在熔体发泡法制造泡沫铝过程中TiH2加入熔体后的分解过程，原始气泡的形成方式以及产生的气泡和未分解TiH2的存在状态；解释了气泡进一步长大的原因和未分解的TiH2如何释放气体；表述了气泡的合并和无泡层的形成。

There were five groups in the examination of cellular levelK562 group,K562/A02 group,K562+ADM group,K562/A02+ADM group and K562/A02+TTD+ADM group）.The non-cytotoxicity doses to cell lines K562 and K562/A02 of TTD were got by MTT assay.Using flow cytometry (FCM assay to examine the intracellular ADM concentration.There were three groups in the examination of genic,zymologic and protein levelsK562 group,K562/A02 group and K562/A02+TTD group）.The mRNA expression of MDR was measured by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR.The expression levels of glutathione-S-transferase and topoisomerase Ⅱ were determined by immunohistochemical technique.

细胞水平检测实验分5组（K562组、K562/A02组、K562+ADM组、K562/A02+ADM组和K562/A02+TTD+ADM组），采用MTT法检测TTD对K562和K562/A02细胞的非细胞毒性剂量，流式细胞术检测细胞内阿霉素的浓度，基因、酶学、蛋白水平检测实验分3组（K562组、K562/A02组和K562/A02+TTD组），采用RT-PCR法检测mdr1 mRNA的表达，免疫细胞化学方法检测谷胱甘肽S转移酶π和拓扑异构酶Ⅱ的表达水平，Western-blotting法检测P-糖蛋白和bcl-2表达。

The second part is a generalization about developing of the animal law. Laboratory animal law. A new trend of legislating on this issue is put forward in the third part ,. The last part do some primary studies on the newly emending wild animal law.

第二部分对动物法的发展做了归纳，第三部分在对实验动物的情况和实验动物法做了介绍与初步研究，最后对野生动物保护法的修订这个中国动物法的重要方面做了初步的探索。

Experiment results indicate the HN derivatization method is not effective for test objects of complicated ingredients, such as gaba tea, germinated brown rice and germinated seed samples. We were unable to identify the GABA peak on the HPLC spectrum. When dealing with samples that contain large amount of amino acid, such as germinated brown rice and sprouted seeds, the PITC derivatization method is prone to disturbance and has the tendency to overestimate the GABA content. The OPA derivatization method effectively isolates the GABA peak of all test samples of this experiment. That its derivatization is simple and speedy makes it suitable for broader applications.

实验结果显示HN衍生法对於成分复杂的检品如茶汤、发芽玄米、发芽种子样品的分析效果皆不好，在HPLC图谱上无法辨识GABA peak；PITC衍生法对於含有大量蛋白质胺基酸的样品如发芽玄米、发芽种子则较易受干扰而可能高估GABA含量；OPA衍生法对於本实验所有样品中的GABA peak均有良好的分离效果，且衍生化过程简单快速是较建议广泛适用的检测方法。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。