实验法

Integrating the rotational speed difference, the relative torsion angle of the two sections under the action of torque was obtained, so the rotating shaft torque was gotten.

同时，设计了实验系统并在扭矩实验平台进行了实验，实验结果表明，激光多普勒法与传统扭矩测量方法的相对误差小于0.2％，说明激光多普勒法具有较高的测量精度。

Methods: 1. Experimental laparoscopic liver resection: We selected pigs as experimental models aiming to approach human beings physiological and anatomical condition. After CO2 pneumoperitoneum was established, the ligaments around liver were dissociated. Livers were cut off by the methods such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, ultrasound dissector, Ligsure dissection, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, and Endo-GIA switcher. The operation time and bleeding volume were compared between different methods of laparoscopic liver resection. The advantages and limitations of different methods were summarized. 2. Clinical laparoscopic liver resection: 15 cases with tumors in segment V of anterior right lobe or segments II, III of left lateral lobe or segment IV of left internal lobe were selected in this study. The liver diseases included hepatocellular cancer, hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia. The ligaments around liver were dissociated after CO2 pneumoperitoneum established. Laparoscopic liver resection were carried out by some of the methods combined such as clamp dissection, microwave tissue coagulator, hand-assisted, short abdominal incision laparoscopy-assisted, ultrasound dissector, rotation and suction dissector.

1、实验性腹腔镜肝切除：以猪为实验动物，旨在接近人体的生理、解剖环境下进行实验，建立操作空间后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离切肝法、微波刀切肝法、超声刀切肝法、Ligsure切肝法、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除法、小切口腹腔镜辅助切肝法、Endo-GIA切肝法等方法实施腹腔镜下肝切除，比较不同切肝方法的手术时间、出血量，总结各种方法的优越性及其局限性。2、临床腹腔镜肝切除：选择肿瘤位于肝右前叶第Ⅴ段、肝左外叶第Ⅱ、Ⅲ段及左内叶第Ⅳ段的15例患者，病种包括原发性肝癌、肝海绵状血管瘤、肝脏局灶性增生，建立气腹后游离肝脏周围韧带，采用钳夹分离断肝、微波刀固化后断肝、手辅助腹腔镜肝切除、小切口腹腔镜辅助肝切除、超声刀断肝、旋吸断肝等多种方法分离切线肝组织，暴露管道结构，再采用高频电凝、钛夹夹闭、缝扎止血、止血纱布覆盖、氩气刀止血、生物胶止血、Endo-GIA处理等多种方法相结合处理肝断面，统计手术完成情况、手术时间、手术出血量、术后并发症及术后住院时间等，评价腹腔镜肝切除的可行性及安全性。

On the basis, further isolated-living condition and moderate unpredictable stress are applied successively to set up PSD rat model . The neurological functional recovery of stroke rat is assessed by Longa 5 grades and horizontal bar test.Sucrose solution consumption test, open-field test and passive avoid test are used to estimate the change of interest, the level of spontaneous motor activities and investigative behavior of PSD rat model.Fluorophotometry is applied to detect the monoamine neurotransmitters(NE,5-HT and DA) of the double frontal-parietal cortexes and brain stem. Investigating the action of YuLeShu on the neurological functional recovery of stroke rat.

运用Longa5法和水平木棒法评定卒中大鼠神经功能恢复；运用糖水实验、敞箱实验、被动躲避实验评定PSD大鼠的兴趣感变化和自发活动、探究行为等抑郁行为学改变；采用荧光分光度法测定双侧额顶皮层及脑干的单胺递质：去甲肾上腺素(Norepinephrine，NE)、5-羟色胺(5-Hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)、多巴胺(Dopamine，DA)含量。

Prepare 131I-labbelled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody using lodogen iodine labelling;(2)Measure the immunity activation of labbelled antibody by means of both cell combine analysis and LDH cytotoxicity detection kit;(3)Evaluate the injury rate of tumor exposed to 131I-chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody in vitro. The MTT method and the experiment of cell growth control are used;(4)Record the apotosis of Daudi cell using gelose electrophoresis;(5)Learn the inhibition effect of radioactive medication on the marrow. Radiohnmunoimages are taken on various intervals after injection of the labeled antibodies to the nude mice. The distribution of radioactive medication, I31l-labeled antibodies, in the marrow tissue indicates the inhibition effect. Here a B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma model in nude mice is established by us;(6)28-day observation are done in 3 groups of nude mice model.

(1) 用lodogen标记法制备131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗；(2)采用细胞结合分析法和乳酸脱氢酶法细胞杀伤性实验测定131I标记后国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗与靶细胞的免疫活和利结合能力；(3) MTT法和细胞生长抑制实验测定131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗的体外杀瘤活性；(4)用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法研究131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗致Daudi细胞凋亡；(5)建立荷人B细胞淋巴瘤移植瘤裸鼠模型，应用γ计数法检测注射到荷瘤裸鼠体内的131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗的组织分布情况，明确其靶向性；(6)将荷瘤裸鼠分3组进行放射免疫治疗，分别为阴性对照组、131I-国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗组、国产人鼠嵌合抗CD20单抗组。

On the basis of color imaging system, an automated photoelasticity in white light for determining isochromatics and isoclinics is presented It includes two techniques One is automation of the ordering of color isochromatics based on BP neural network The other is whole field digital determining of isoclinic angles by five step color phase shifting Many limitations and drawbacks, which affect the precision of measurement, were more eliminated and improved The validity of experimental results was ...

以彩色信息图象处理技术为基础，围绕光弹性实验数据自动采集这个主题，提出用BP神经网络自动确定等色线分数级条纹及其级数的颜色插值法，以及全场数字化确定等倾角的五步彩色相移法。典型实验表明，上述方法在提高光弹性数据采集自动化程度和减少各种误差因素影响等方面均有所改善；进而提高三维光弹性薄切片应力分析结果的精度，促进实验应力分析的工程应用，扩大光弹性法的应用范围。

For it is rubor after damaging to the closing soft tissue, getting swollen, getting hot aching and model of functiolaesa these bed solicit and there is no fracture,no skin damaged, we designed the corresponding experiment, namely the law of hot board causes little mouse\'s painful experiment of threshold of pain; Freun\'s complete adjuvant caused the swollen experiment of big mouse\'s foot;The xylene caused the swollen experiment of little mouse\'s ear; Invigorating blood circulation silt experiment that changes the sex that the rheology appearance examines the blood and flows with the blood; Useing the high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemistry Detected monoamine neurotransmitters transmitter in the brain and serum; the experiment of immunohistochemistry measured the proto-oncogene C-FOS expresses.

针对闭合性软组织损伤后的红、肿、热、痛及功能障碍的典型临床体征，加上无骨折、无皮肤破损的特点，我们设计了相应的实验，即热板法致小鼠疼痛的痛阈实验；福氏完全佐剂(Freun\'s complete adjuvant，FCA)致大鼠足肿实验；二甲苯致小鼠耳肿实验；用血流变仪测血液流变性的活血化瘀实验；运用高效液相色谱—电化学(high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemistry Detection HPLC-ECD)法测量大脑及血清中单胺类神经递质的实验以及免疫组织化学法检测原癌基因C-FOS蛋白产物表达的实验。

The creative point of this dissertation consists firstly in that monochromatic stimuli instead of combined spectral power distribution were used as visual object, and spectral luminous efficacy curves were drawn from the performance-based method; Comparison between performance-based method and brightness-matching method was then done and therefore connection between these two methods was developed; One more creative point is that the analysis based on the theory of neurophysiology and psychophysics leads to the conclusion that contribution of the colour channel during visual information processing is reflected from performance-based method, which should be considered when CIE develops the new mesopic photometry system.

论文的新颖之处在于实验中使用了单色光谱代替复合谱或物体色作为视觉目标，在分析中间视觉状态下视觉功能的光谱响应特性的基础上反推了人眼的光谱光视效率函数；论文更进一步验证了基于视觉功能法和传统的视亮度匹配法之间的联系，在两种方法之间构造了一座桥梁，为基于视觉功能法的使用初步建立了理论依据；同时论文创新地采用心理物理学的方法进行实验和结合物理学和视神经生理学的知识对实验结果进行分析，从而从视觉信息处理的神经机制层面证明了基于视觉功能法获得的结果包含了视觉颜色通道效应，并对CIE在建立新的中间视觉光度学系统时要充分考虑这一视觉颜色通道的影响提出了建议。

After 24 hours, all rats were anesthetized again and their left common carotid arteries were cannulated to facilitate blood withdrawal for serum sample. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were determined before and after experiment by ELISA; the activity of superoxide dismutase and content of malondialdehyde were determined by xanthinoxidanse method and modified TBA microdetermination. The content of NO2(superscript -)/NO3(superscript -), and activity of nitric oxide synthase and inducible NOS were determined by nitrate reductase method, and chemical chromogenic reaction, respectively; the immunoglobulin G, IgA, IgM and complement 3 (C3) and C4 were determined by immunoprecipitation method before and after experiment.

实验评估：手术创伤后24h进行采用酶联免疫吸附法测定实验前后血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6含量；应用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶活性、改良TBA微量法测定丙二醛水平；以硝酸还原酶法、化学显色法分别检测NO2/NO3浓度及一氧化氮合酶、诱导型一氧化氮合酶活胜；以免疫比浊法经全自动生化分析仪检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM、IgA及补体C3、C4含量。

Based on the existence studies, by using document analyses, adopting scales, pathanalyses, factor analyses, experience verify, experiment verify, this study explores the testmental action process; the connotation, structure, function and developmental principle oftest mental quality; the possibility, actuality and efficiency of educational experiment.

本研究采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、路径分析法、因素分析法、经验实证法与实验验证法等研究方法，在借鉴国内外己有研究成果的基础上，从揭示中学生考试心理问题的发展现状出发，系统考察考试心理活动过程揭示考试心理素质的内涵、结构、功能及其发展规律；探讨运用心理素质教育实验解决其考试心理问题进而促进学生考试心理素质发展的可能性、现实性和有效性。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。