实验室方法

Methods: Epidemiology, clinical performance and laboratory bacteriology were used in the investigation.

按流行病学现场调查方法，结合临床表现和实验室细菌学鉴定方法。

Japan's national chemical laboratory has invented a new system using bagasse and banana pulp can be replaced with wood pulp and paper.

日本国家化工实验室已发明了一种用甘蔗渣和香蕉制纸浆的方法，可取代用木浆造纸的方法。

"The ability to use the D-dimer test as an aid in the diagnosis of VTE, DVT, or PE provides another significant offering to hospital laboratories worldwide," said Jim Reid-Anderson, chairman, president, and CEO of Dade Behring, which developed the test.

"使用D-二聚体检测来诊断VTE、DVT或者PE，为世界范围内的实验室提供了另外一项重要方法，"Jim Reid-Anderson说，他是Dade Behring公司主席、总裁兼首席执行官，正是该公司研发了这种检测方法。

After mainenervations being drawn out and being dried for 4 hours at 60℃,1156 samples of tobacco leaves from different tobacco producing-area were made into powder (≤0.13 mm). Reducing sugar, total sugar, nicotine, nitrogen, potassium and chlorine of more than 1000 samples from different tobacco producing-area were determined with classical chemical or instrumental methods. By scanning these samples with Fourier transform Near Infrared spectrometer (MARIXT-I produced by Bucker) we obtained their spectrograms, pretreated the spectrograms with a chemometrics software (OPUS 5.5) to debase the noises influence on spectrum information, and built a chemometrics model by means of Partial Least2Squares. The chemometric model was optimized some times and validated with some other samples.

选取全国不同烟草生产地区的1156余烟叶样品，采用相同的预处理条件(去处主脉，60℃烘干4小时)，处理成40目待测粉末样品，采用行业经典的化学分析方法或准确可靠仪器方法测定其常规成分含量，在条件一致(20℃～24℃，环境湿度≤40 RH%)的实验室环境中，使用市场上主流的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(德国BRUKER公司生产的MARIXT-I)上进行图谱扫描，采用OPUS5.5化学计量学软件，对光谱进行适当的预处理，减弱以至于消除各种噪声对光谱信息的影响，用偏最小二乘回归法建立常规成分预测模型，并进行了反复优化和未知样品模型外验证。

Linear solvation energy relation was firstly introduced in the paper, and the method and step of gaining the special parameters of solvent and solute were introduced in detail, and these special parameters were used to selection and optimization of extractive agent in extractive distillation. The model of predicting activity coefficient at infinite dilution was established by linear solvation energy relation. By the above theory, several candidate solvents were selected to separate C5 fraction, and by experiment of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium at atmosphere pressure, the mixture of N-methyl-pyrrolidone including 4% water was used extractive agent of separating C5 fraction. Then binary vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the some compound in C5 fraction and N-methyl-pyrolidone were determined at atmosphere pressure and correlated by NRTL equation. Isoprene being objective compound, experiments were operated in the laboratory-scale column; the processes were simulated by RadFrac model in ASPEN PLUS. And by the combination of experiment and simulation, the new process of separation of C5 was established.

本文首先对线性溶剂化能关系进行了分析介绍，也介绍了采用溶剂化能关系得到溶质溶剂特性参数的方法步骤，并将这些参数用于萃取精馏萃取剂的选择与优化；也通过线性溶剂化能关系式建立无限稀释活度系数预测模型，取得了一定的预测精度；将通过上述方法初选的溶剂进行了常压汽液平衡的测定研究，通过实验研究选定含水4%的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液做为C5分离的萃取剂，测定了大量N-甲基吡咯烷酮与C5组分的二元平衡数据，并进行关联计算；以异戊二烯为目标产物在实验室规模的精馏塔内进行了C5分离的实验研究，取得大量塔内数据；通过选用合适的热力学模型，采用ASPEN中RadFrac模块对分离过程进行模拟研究，通过实验与模拟相结合，建立了C5分离的新工艺，为将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

The evaluation methods of propellant vulnerabilities in laboratory scale are screened out to evaluate heat endurance by analysis and classifying of potential contretemps during propellant development, production, storage, and transportation and in battlefields. Evaluation results indicate that the designed compositions show very good heat endurance.

同时，通过对发射药在研制、生产、贮存、运输和实际战场中可能遇到意外事故的分析、归类，结合实际，选择了以耐热性能作为评价目标的易损性实验室评价方法，采用该方法对所设计的发射药进行了耐热性试验，结果表明，该发射药具有优良的耐热性能。

Firstly, variables which were acquired for the above two kinds of classification system were obtained from field and laboratory investigation of the core samples as well as test of supersonic waves in drilling holes. Secondly, distribution functions and parameters of all variables are determined using statistic method. Thirdly, 20000 RMR values or BQ values and cumulative distribution function of these RMR or BQ values have been obtained utilizing Monte—Carlo method and the results are plotted. Finally, risk analysis can be made from above results.

风险评价方法步骤如下：（1）首先通过岩芯样品的现场观测和实验室试验及钻孔岩体超声波测试获得两种分类所需的变量；（2）通过统计分析和判断得出各变量的分布函数及参数；（3）运用Monte—Carlo模拟方法获得2万个RMR值或BQ值及相应的累积分布函数，并将结果绘成岩体质量描述图；（4）运用以上结果作出岩体质量风险分析。

There is some hope that in the near future this simple and relatively safe assay may become routine in viral diagnostic laboratories.

在不远的将来，这种简单和相对安全的试验方法有希望成为病毒诊断实验室的常规方法。

The results of our study have demonstrated that,(1) quadrivanlents in diakinesis Ⅰ are ideal materials for micromanipulation;(2) compared with the instrument used to microisolate chromosomes with a dissecting needle perched on a dissecting microscope outfitting with a micromanipulator or laser beam, the equipment most common used in our study is relatively inexpensive and the techniques could be established as a standard procedure in the ordinary laboratory;(3) the gene mapping methods developed in the study is an efficient and fast approach that could advance gene mapping of fish and other species.

本研究结果表明，（1）减数分裂Ⅰ终变期染色体标本是进行染色体显微操作研究的理想材料；（2）与显微操作仪和微激光分离相比较，本研究所探索的显微分离染色体方法不需要昂贵仪器，在常规实验室即可操作，具有广泛的普及应用意义；（3）把染色体显微操作应用于基因定位这种构思是完全可行的。这种基因定位方法简明而快捷，从而为鱼类及其它物种染色体定位研究开辟了一个新的研究方式和途径。

Methods: The specifications of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometers wereaffirmed to ensure that they can meet the requirements of the reference method, andthe reference measurement procedure was established. According to the guidelines ofmethodology validation in ICH and AOAC, we chose the selectivity, linearity,precision and accuracy to evaluate. The linearity and precision were validatedaccording to NCCLS EP6-P2 and EP5-A.

确认分光光度计的性能可满足血红蛋白参考方法的要求，确定参考测量程序；参照美国临床实验室标准化委员会文件EP6-P2和EP5-A评价该方法的线性和精密度，通过测定WHO国际标准物质验证我室血红蛋白参考方法测量结果的准确性。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。