实验

In the experiment focused on interannual changes, tripolar SST anomalies in North Atlantic are used to force GCM.

在强调年际变化的实验中，利用北大西洋地区三极型海温异常强迫大气环流模式，进行均衡实验和瞬变实验。

The closed-cell aluminum foam was fabricated by direct foaming in melt. Through sampling aluminum foam in different stages the cross-section of them were observed and analyzed. It was explained how TiH_2 was decomposed after entered into the melt, how initial bubbles were formed and what was the state that generated bubbles and undecomposed TiH_2 lay in.

以熔体直接发泡法制备闭孔泡沫铝材实验为基础，通过获得不同实验阶段的泡沫铝样品，以及对实验样品切面或断面进行观察和分析，描述了在熔体发泡法制造泡沫铝过程中TiH2加入熔体后的分解过程，原始气泡的形成方式以及产生的气泡和未分解TiH2的存在状态；解释了气泡进一步长大的原因和未分解的TiH2如何释放气体；表述了气泡的合并和无泡层的形成。

At the super-low permeable reservior sandstone of Fu and Yang in Daqing Oilfield, many pore throats exist a lot in the types of compacted and restored flakes and curved lamellas while the pore volume of micropore and the thin, compacted and shrunken throat that contribute little to flow take large scale in the total pore space. Thereof high filtrational resistance is caused by much trouble including high content of reservoir shale, serious sensibility to pressure at waterflooding, remarkable effects of undersaturation and water blocks in micropore. A method with laboratory experiment, theoretical confirmation and field application included was adopted to analyze the non-linear flow characteristics, to reveal the deep mechanism of pinhole enveloping macropore and to provide a new technology of improving the development effect. The outcomes aquired are as follows: Multiple cores with different low and super-low permeability were selected to perform seepage experiments by gas, water and oil. Three fields of flow were observed in the reservoir at different low and super-low core permeability. They are pseudo- elastic flow, transition flow and plastic creep flow. So the concept that there was no correlation of rocky absolute permeability with fluid properties that pasted itself was broken up. Two-phase seepage of water displacing oil in uniform super-low permeability shows that the two-phase seepage zone is narrow.

针对大庆油田扶、杨特低渗透油层砂岩孔隙喉道的大小和形态以压实再生型片状、弯片状喉道分布较广，压实、缩小型细喉道型，微孔不可流动的孔隙体积所占总孔隙体积的比例较大的特点；及储层泥质含量高，注水开发中压力敏感性强、微孔隙欠饱和及水锁效应显著，导致流体渗流阻力增大的问题，本文采用室内实验、理论推证和矿场应用相结合的方法，研究、分析了流体非线性渗流特征，更深刻地揭示出小孔包围大孔的机理及产生原因，并提供了改善开发效果的新的技术方法，取得如下成果：选择不同渗透率的低渗透、特低渗透岩心，进行了气、水和油单相渗流实验，揭示出当岩心渗透率不同时，油层内的流体呈现出拟弹性流变、过渡流变、塑性蠕变三种流变区，从而打破了岩心的绝对渗透率与通过岩心流体性质无关的观点；同类特低渗透岩心的水驱油两相渗流实验表明，两相渗流区较窄。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

The chicks were divided into A and B experimental groups. Chicks in A group were occluded for 3 weeks,chicks in B group occluded for 2 weeks and then unoccluded for 1 week.

实验眼分为A、B两组，非遮盖眼作为对照组，其中实验A组来亨鸡眼持续遮盖3周，实验B组来亨鸡眼持续遮盖2周后去遮盖1周。

The second part was to test the appearance, ingredient analysis, surface potential, thermal conduction properties, and magnetism of the nano composite fluid prepared from the parameters. The experiment found that unoxidized particles, Ag, Cu, Fe, and Ni appeared round. If combined with oxygen in water as oxides, the nano particles would grow toward certain directions. In copper/iron nano composite fluid, FeO appeared cubic, Cu2O appeared coniferous. In silver/iron nano composite fluid, FeO was polygonal. In dielectric potential detection, the nano composite fluid was likely to aggregate and deposit, except for silver/iron set. In other sets, the pH of silver/cobalt nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was 21.21mV; the pH for silver/nickel nano composite fluid was 6.5, surface potential was 21.04mV; the pH for copper/iron nano composite fluid was 7, surface potential was -30mV. The fluid particles of the three sets could all maintain suspension of 2 weeks or more. For thermal conduction, the silver/nickel, nano composite fluid showed the best thermal conduction. Under temperature of 30℃ fluid weight conduction of 0.4%, the thermal conduction increase was 26%. For magnetic detection, except for silver/iron nano composite fluid, the nano particles of other three sets were paramagnetic, and all four sets were soft magnetic nano composite materials.

第二部分。将由较佳制备参数所产出的奈米复合流体，进行形貌外观、成分分析、表面电位及热传导性质实验与磁性检测；在奈米颗粒的形貌部分，经实验发现Ag、Cu、Fe、Ni等未氧化的颗粒皆呈现近似圆形，而若与水中的氧结合形成氧化物，奈米颗粒则会朝特定方向成长，在铜/铁奈米复合流体中FeO为四方体结构、Cu2O的颗粒是针叶状，在银/铁奈米复合流体中FeO则为多边形结构；而介面电位检测方面，结果显示经本制程所产出的奈米复合流体除银/铁奈米复合流体这一组较容易聚集沉淀外，其他三组中银/钴奈米复合流体的pH值为7，表面电位为21.21mV，银/镍奈米复合流体的pH值6.5表面电位为21.04mV而铜/铁奈米复合流体的pH值为7时表面电位约在-30mV，且此三组流体颗粒皆能维持悬浮性2周以上，悬浮性较佳；热传导实验部分，四组奈米复合流体中以银/镍奈米复合流体在增进热传上效果最佳，在温度30℃及流体重量浓度0.4﹪条件下热传导系数增进达26﹪；磁检测方面，除了银/铁奈米复合流体外，其他三组奈米颗粒皆属顺磁性，且这四组奈米复合材料都是属软磁性。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

Additionally XBP1 mRNA which functioned as centrally regulating molecule during ER stress was spliced partially,while it was completely spliced in positive control cells and unspliced in H7721.These results gave the proof that blocking expression of GnT-V caused H7721"s ER stress and response was more weak than that caused by DTT. It may be the chronic process.Additionally,previous studies reported that the ds-RNA may activate the kinase PKR which phosphorylated eIF2 α and inhibited synthesis of proteins.In this paper the antisense cDNA of GnT-V was integrated with GnT-V-AS/H7721"s gene and functioned through the binding of antisense RNA and mRNA of GnT-V.Additionally,the integration of GnT-V cDNA in genome also may be a non-specific factor.

对这三种ER stress关键分子的检测发现：和阴性细胞相比较，实验细胞中BIP的表达无论是蛋白水平还是转录水平都有明显的上调，但上调程度都要低于DTT处理的ER stress阳性细胞；XBP-1 mRNA在实验细胞中部分被剪接，在阳性细胞中XBP-1 mRNA完全被剪接，而在阴性细胞中其以非剪接形态存在；此外和DTT处理的ER stress阳性细胞相似，实验细胞中的PERK发生磷酸化，表明ER stress过程中通过磷酸化eIF2α抑制蛋白合成机制的活化，这和芯片所检测到的GnT-V-AS／H7721细胞蛋白合成系统水平下调相一致。

In addition, because the trajectory error of the end effector is increasing when the joints are motivated by untuned joint signals, a tuning method of joints is proposed to reduce the trajectory error. The effectiveness of this method is proved in the experiment.

另外，为解决实验中发现的机器人末端轨迹误差较大的问题，根据实验特点设计了机器人关节角输入补偿策略，提高了实验中机器人末端轨迹的跟踪精度。

By Ensemble-averaged Method, the mean field was got to show the 3D structure of flow. By Phase-locked Averaged Technique, the periodic mean field was got to reflect the periodic unsteady characteristic. The 3D structure and the periodic unsteady characteristic of the unsteady flow within the vaneless and vaned diffuser were discussed through analyzing the mean field and the periodic mean field.

离心风机扩压器内非定常流动的实验研究本文完成了离心风机两种结构条件下无叶扩压器、有叶扩压器内部的非定常流动瞬态全流场的实验测量，获得了不同运行工况下PIV的瞬态流谱，为研究扩压器内部非定常流动提供了基础实验资料。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。