实验

Linear solvation energy relation was firstly introduced in the paper, and the method and step of gaining the special parameters of solvent and solute were introduced in detail, and these special parameters were used to selection and optimization of extractive agent in extractive distillation. The model of predicting activity coefficient at infinite dilution was established by linear solvation energy relation. By the above theory, several candidate solvents were selected to separate C5 fraction, and by experiment of vapor-liquid phase equilibrium at atmosphere pressure, the mixture of N-methyl-pyrrolidone including 4% water was used extractive agent of separating C5 fraction. Then binary vapor-liquid phase equilibrium of the some compound in C5 fraction and N-methyl-pyrolidone were determined at atmosphere pressure and correlated by NRTL equation. Isoprene being objective compound, experiments were operated in the laboratory-scale column; the processes were simulated by RadFrac model in ASPEN PLUS. And by the combination of experiment and simulation, the new process of separation of C5 was established.

本文首先对线性溶剂化能关系进行了分析介绍，也介绍了采用溶剂化能关系得到溶质溶剂特性参数的方法步骤，并将这些参数用于萃取精馏萃取剂的选择与优化；也通过线性溶剂化能关系式建立无限稀释活度系数预测模型，取得了一定的预测精度；将通过上述方法初选的溶剂进行了常压汽液平衡的测定研究，通过实验研究选定含水4%的N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液做为C5分离的萃取剂，测定了大量N-甲基吡咯烷酮与C5组分的二元平衡数据，并进行关联计算；以异戊二烯为目标产物在实验室规模的精馏塔内进行了C5分离的实验研究，取得大量塔内数据；通过选用合适的热力学模型，采用ASPEN中RadFrac模块对分离过程进行模拟研究，通过实验与模拟相结合，建立了C5分离的新工艺，为将来的工业化打下了坚实的基础。

Experiment's process is concision, convenience; it can increase the experiment's efficiency.

实验过程简单、快捷、方便、直观，高效，提高了实验人员的实验兴趣，加深对电路的理解和记忆。

Based on the state of the art of spray cooling, the following topics have been studied:As to a cone-axisymmetric spray cooling systems, the spray area was divided, and the slip-flow boundary condition was introduced. Based on an assumption of the coniform spray, an equivalent continuum model of the average spray density was established.

当前的研究工作大多集中在实验研究方面，然而由于不同研究人员实验条件的不同使得各种研究结论有所差异甚至相互矛盾，有关喷雾冷却的理论研究相对更加缺乏，因此针对电子器件的喷雾冷却技术的理论和实验研究都尚有广阔的发展空间。

Please register the laboratory by three days . In this way, the conservator can prepare for experimental equipment beforehand.

一、各项实验请在实验前三天由任课教师登记实验器材借用表，以便管理员准备相关仪器。

In addition, some modifications on several computational methods are also presented. Using LMTO method the electronic structure of several systems are studied, and some results are obtained. They are: The ideal Nb (100) surface has three surface states, the multi-layer relaxed surface has two surface states. The surface energy of the ideal surface is higher than that of the relaxed surface, that means that the multi-layer relaxed surface is more stable than the former one, which supports the LEED results. The mono-layer relaxed Ag (111) surface is the most stable one among several" stable surface models"presented by several researchers. The surface energy of Ag (111) surface is higher than that of surface Ag (001), which supports some experimental results such as different reaction rate at different surface orientations for the same material. The surafce states of Si (111) surface not only locate near the Fermi level, but also in the valence band, which agrees well with Cohen's conclusion. Si (111)-H is an effective model for analysing the surface states and H adsorbed on the back surface is a good method for improving the convincingness of the results obtained on thinner slab models. The surface stability depends on three different kinds of MoSi〓(001) surfaces, the surface with mono-layer Si is the most stable one, and the surface with Mo at the first layer is the most unstable one among them. These are consistant with the Kemoda's experimental results. The valence bands of clean or K adsorbed CdTe (111) surface agrees well with the synchrotron radiation studies. The surface of CdTe (111) consists of four kinds of surface models which show different surface electronic structures and different surface structure stabilities. The conclusion agrees well with Wu's experimental work. The different absorbed alkali metals on the CdTe (111) surface give different adsorption characteristics which have relations not only with the valence electrons, but also with the core ones of the alkali metals. The electonic structures of Si-C alloys are different from that of Si-Ge alloys, and the energy band gaps of Si-C alloys do not increase linearly with Carbon concentration, our conclusion supports Alexander's results, but conflicts with Soref's one.

现分述如下： LMTO方法及其应用方面：1）通过对Nb（100）表面电子态分析发现清洁理想表面有三个表面态，多层弛豫表面有两个表面态；表面能大小说明多层弛豫表面更稳定，支持了LEED结果。2）通过对采用不同方法获得的几种不同Ag（111）表面稳定结构的表面能计算分析，给出了单层弛豫表面为Ag（111）表面的最稳定结构；从Ag（111）单层弛豫表面和Ag（001）表面的表面能比较，发现了Ag（001）表面表面能要比Ag（111）小的，表明了同种物质不同表面取向将表现出不同物理、化学性质，这是与实验中得出的结论是吻合的，3）通过对Si（111）表面态分析，不仅发现了Si（111）表面不仅具有居于费米能级附近的悬挂键所对应的表面态，而且还有很多表面态位于价带能量范围内，与Cohen等结果一致，H饱和slab模型背表面相当于增加了slab层的厚度，是一有效的变相增加slab层厚的方法，弛豫表面较清洁理想表面价带谱们低能端的少许移动，预示着总能降低，说明弛豫表面较清洁理想表面稳定。4）MoSi〓具有三种表面，从费米能级上态密度值大小得到单层Si表面最稳定，Mo原子为表层原子的表面最不稳定，双层Si原子表面居中的结论，这与Kemoda等人实验结果是一致的。5）通过对CdTe（111）表面表面电子态、表面结构稳定性及表面H、碱金属吸附的电子结构系列研究，不仅得出了CdTe（111）清洁及碱金属K吸附价带谱与同步辐射光电子谱相吻合的结果，而且发现了CdTe（111）表面具有四类不同原子近邻特征，表现出四类不同的表面结构及电子结构特征：不同表面态分布、不同的表面结构稳定性（表层原子与次层原子成三键有一悬挂键的表面要比表层原子与次层原子成一键有三悬挂键稳定（与Wu等人实验结果一致））、不同的H吸附特性。

From this experiment, frequency response function could be found, and modal parameter also could be known by curve fitting, then compared with the differences of mode shape and natural frequency by using those modal parameters, also compared with finite element analysis, the results could be applied to detect the structure of beams and prevent it from damage and corrode for the safety in the future.

将实验中三种驱动器搭配加速度计实验分析结果较佳的一组方法，来从事结构之非破坏检测，探讨当固定梁有缺陷产生时，其结构之自然频率与模态振型的变化，并比较其不同缺陷处之固定梁实验模态结果，将来可应用於梁结构物损坏或腐蚀时侦测其安全性之分析。

For analysis of traditional experimental modal, hammer and shaker are often used to force the structure as the clamped-clamped beam to raise the vibration of the structure, meanwhile accelerometer is placed on the structure as a sensor, then the modal parameter could be found.

传统实验模态分析大多使用冲击鎚或激振器施加点力於结构例如固定梁，做为驱动器激发结构的振动，利用加速度计做为感测器置於结构上，以求取结构之模态参数，但传统之模态实验设备都有实验操作不易以及价格昂贵的缺点。

The presence of fish will not have influence on the concentration of CPs.

实验发现：24h换一次水，能充分保证CPs实验水的浓度恒定，鱼的存在并不影响实验水的浓度。

From the experiment on multitooth mesh, several valuable results are obtained. It is verified that the crown gear coupling with optimum crowning curve has advantage in transmission properties.

进行了鼓形齿联轴器多齿啮合实验，得出若干有价值的实验结论，并通过实验，验证了优化鼓度曲线的鼓形齿联轴器具有优越的传动特性。

METHODS: The hemocompatibility of the novel polyurethane was evaluated by hemolysis test, dynamic cruor time test, and platelets adhesion test.

通过溶血实验、体外动态凝血时间实验、血小板黏附实验进行此种新型聚氨酯弹性体血液相容性研究。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。