实际速度

The basic theories of mathematical morphology for binary image are stated, and the most simple structure elements of morphologic transformation for binary images are proposed and proved. The geodetic morphologic transformation models are also developed. For the purpose of improving the speed of transformation in computer, the"set symmetric difference"is introduced to adapt each model. Some new morphologic filtering models and quantitative evaluating model of filtering effects in image processing are proposed, under the applied condition. The morphologic thinning methods are studied, and two new morphologic thinning models are developed. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of mining maps, the image vectorizing tactics and a series of algorithms are proposed, including dynamic adaptive image thresholding using two thresholds, graphic and text separation, noise removal, and multi elements extracting models with mathematical morphology. Accuracy preserving compressed vectorizing model for image vectorization is put forward to generate vector data in multi layer.

论文对二值图象形态学的基础理论进行了较系统的阐述，提出并证明了二值图象处理中形态变换的最简单结构元素，并发展了测地形态变换模型；为了提高形态变换的计算机实现速度，引入了集合论中"对称差"的概念对各形态变换模型进行了改化；针对数学形态学在图象处理中的实际应用，提出了新的形态滤波模型及滤波效果的度量评价模型；研究了形态细化方法，提出了快速形态细化和保形快速形态细化算法；在研究矿图基本特征基础上，提出了人机协同矿图扫描图象矢量化处理策略及一系列扫描图象处理算法模型，包括双阈值动态自适应图象二值化、图文分离、噪声去除、图面多种要素提取形态变换模型等；在图象栅格—矢量转换中，提出了保精度压缩矢量化模型，以生成分层要素矢量数据。

In the part of the vibration experiments and analysis, firstly, used the simple-beam theory to estimate the natural frequency of the beam of the 20-headed computerized embroidery machine.secondly, measured the beam of its low rank natural frequency, the beams horizontal vibrating acceleration amplitude, speed amplitude and the displacement amplitude in different rev and different turn parts. Found that it is sympathetic vibration, which bring on the thread-broken rate rise rapidly. On this base, established the finite element analysis modle of the vibrating beam, and took on hamonic analysis and modal analysis with the mold. The rusult of test and analysis offer the basis for farther improvement of the computerized embroidery machine.

振动分析部分，首先由简单梁理论出发，对横梁的固有频率进行估算；接着通过测振仪器对20头电脑刺绣机横梁进行了试验模态分析和不同工况振动测试；获得了横梁前四阶固有频率和模态振型，以及在不同工作转速、不同回转部件下横梁振动的加速度幅值、速度幅值和位移幅值；找到了横梁振动加剧的原因——共振；在此基础上建立了符合实际情况的横梁有限元模型，对模型进行了模态和谐响应计算，证实了模型的可靠性，为下一步的改进设计提供了依据。

Electrostatic relays can be not compatible with the normal voltage (5V) because it needs high driving voltage. Thermomagnetic ones have the low response speed and are affected by the ambient temperature.

静电型由于需要较高的驱动电压，不易与标准电压源（5V）相兼容；热磁型响应速度低，受环境影响较大；微机械电磁继电器在结构原理上与传统机械继电器相似，更接近于实际应用。

The results of research show that those parameters could estimate collision velocity or limit its tolerance for motor vehicle.

这个模型为道路交通事故鉴定和再现提供了一个新方法，解决了事故现场某些痕迹容易变动，难以确定它们的准确位置，以及由于汽车工程和道路工程的技术进步，没有汽车制动印迹供事故再现计算碰撞速度使用等实际问题。

By using HST-100 high speed tribometer,the friction couple of different materials can be tested under high speed and electric current .

我们研制了 HST-100型高速载流摩擦磨损试验机，其主要性能完全满足模拟高速铁路实际工况下的速度、载荷及电流等参数的要求，能够对不同材质的摩擦配副材料进行高速工况条件下的载流摩擦磨损试验。

Need to pay attention to is: in network speed tests, the length of twisted pair should be the standard length of 100 meters, or measured data without any practical significance.

需要注意的是：在进行网络速度测试时，双绞线的长度应为100米的标准长度，否则测出的数据没有任何实际意义。

The results show that for the single-track shield tunnel in actual projects,the longitudinal ventilation velocity of 2.6~2.9 m/s can effectively prevent smoke from counter flow at a heat release rate of 10 MW;when the tunnel sector on fire with a longitudinal velocity of 2.9 m/s and the unfired tunnel sector with the velocity of 1~1.5 m/s from both ends,there is an air flow with the velocity of 6 m/s ...

模拟分析得出，对于地铁实际工程中的单线盾构圆形隧道，在10 MW火灾强度下，着火区间隧道内2.6~2.9 m/s左右的纵向风速可以有效阻止烟气发生逆流；在着火区间隧道2.9 m/s的纵向风速下，未着火区间隧道两端对送送风速度为1~1.5 m/s时，联络通道内有风速为6 m/s左右的气流流向着火区间隧道，可有效抑制烟气通过联络通道向未着火区间隧道蔓延，保证人员的安全疏散。

Another influencing factor is the actual distance, as the velocity is computed as the ratio of the stipulated distance over racing time.

另一个影响因素是实际距离，因为速度=规定的距离÷比赛时间。

It is natural to regard it as the velocity of some real physical thing.

这是很自然地把它当作速度的一些实际意义的事。

In the design process, the operating environment and actual requirements of train positioning were considered, and the altitude, vertical velocity and partial attitude angles of the train were ignored.

针对我国当前列车定位技术中存在的不足，并结合列车定位的使用环境和实际需要，忽略列车的海拔高度、天向速度和部分姿态角信息，对传统惯性导航系统进行了简化设计，提出了一种低成本的简易惯性测量装置。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。