实际知识

In this paper, searching technology of product information based on knowledge was researched. On the aspect of cognition, we researched the relation between user\'s cognition and designer\'s cognition, explored the knowledge flow in the process of product development, set up a matching model between user\'s knowledge and designer\'s knowledge, brought forward a modeling method based on users\' cognition, and set up a measurable model of product feature; coded and decoded product form element, set up a computer aided product form design system and image evaluating system based on the result of measurement. Accordingly, the product style and product image were systematically discussed, the recognition space of product style and image was constructed, the factors that affect product style and image were put forwards and analyzed, and the relation between product image and form elements was tested by experiments. Furthermore, the product automatic recognition technologies were discussed.And then, with the media of concept model and the kernel of parameter technology, a mathematic model that describing product layout design by constraints and rules was presented. Furthermore, a product design integration system based on imagery thinking including product fonii base system based on imagery thinking, product form design system based on imagery thinking and product form intelligent design system based on space layout were set up, which tested the system and provided a new way for product innovative design.

本文以产品特征描述目标对象——产品，研究一种基于知识的产品信息检索技术，在对产品的认知方面，研究了用户认知和设计师认知之间的关系，研究了产品开发过程中的知识流传递过程，建立了用户知识和设计知识之间的匹配模型，提出了一种基于用户知识的产品建模方法，它不但提取了产品的特征，还建立了产品特征量化模型，从而实现了产品知识的量化描述；对产品造型元素进行分解和编码，利用实验量化结果构造计算机辅助产品形状设计系统和心象评价系统；使用量表分析造型元素的心象尺度，构造输入、输出系统，建立了产品设计知识库咨询系统，可以方便用户和设计师来导入或查询产品设计方案；实现了对产品造型心象的分类知识库系统，便于设计师存储或查询，辅助设计师进行产品创新设计；通过实验量化了产品造型参数和产品心象参数之间的关系，并在此基础上建立了基于心象的产品形状设计系统，为产品空间布局方案智能生成系统奠定基础；在基于知识库的基础上建立了产品空间布局方案智能生成系统，通过更改概念产品造型参数，实现了产品设计方案的智能生成，使系列化的设计工作变得十分方便；将产品的心象运用到实际设计过程中，能够引导流行趋势，创造出产品无形的设计价值。

This paper introduced the appliance of probability and statistics in reality,including classical model,formula of total probability, normal distribute,mathematics expectation and the central limit theorem.While it also discusses the widely uses of probability and statistics and the close relationship with the real life.Therefore,it lays the theoretical foundation for the practical uses with probability and statistics,and the basis of mathematics model.

本文介绍了概率统计的某些知识在实际问题中的应用，主要围绕古典概型，全概率公式，正态分布，数学期望，极限定理等有关知识，探讨概率统计知识在实际生活中的广泛应用，进一步揭示概率统计与实际生活的密切联系，为应用概率知识解决实际问题，数学模型的建立，学科知识的迁移奠定一定的理论基础。

In the New Course Standard, the developing of students' awareness of mathematics application is particularly regarded as an very important aspect.Asking the pupils can undstand that there are a great deal of mathematics info and flot applications at fruit subsistence.affront fact issue,they can initiative try tolook after the resource of resolveing;To newinformantion of mathematics,threy can looking after for the prarctice of background.

新课程标准中特别强调了把增强学生的应用数学的意识作为总体目标的一个重要方面，要求学生能认识到现实生活中蕴涵着大量的数学信息、数学在现实生活中有着广泛的应用；面对实际问题时，能主动尝试着从数学的角度运用所学知识寻求解决问题的策略；面对新的数学知识时，能主动地寻求其实际背景，并探索其应用价值。

Teaching and experiment of physical chemistry can train scientific thought means of undergraduate and improve their ability on putting forward, analyzing and settling questions. Students can settle the practical problems in the pharmic production and research after they have mastered theoretical knowledge of physical chemistry interrelation to pharmacy.

培养学生的科学思维方法及提出问题、研究问题、分析问题的能力，培养他们获取知识并用来解决实际问题的能力，并能应用所学的理论知识解决药物生产、研究中的实际问题，从而掌握从事药学工作必须的物理化学方面的知识。

One expert argues that traditional quantitative evaluation plans actually reward unadaptability .the argument here is that traditional quantitative evaluation plans actually reward unadaptability.the argument here is that being slotted into a job that is highly routine as defined by a compensable factor such as "know-how"is unlikely to encourage job incumbents to think independently or be flexible.instead.the tendency may be for workers to concentrate on the specific,routine jobs to which they are assigned and for which they are rewarded.

一个专家争论传统的数量评估计划实际上奖赏不适应性。争论这里是，传统的数量评估计划实际上奖赏 unadaptability.the 争论这里是被留细长的孔进入一个高度地是如此的如一个可补偿的因素所定义的常式工作之内如&实际知识&不可能鼓励工作领圣职的俸禄牧师独立思考或是 flexible.instead.the 趋向可能是让工人专注于特性，他们被分配的常式工作和他们被奖赏。

It is very good to have a degree of university, but it also could not make a hit without the know-how in life.

有一个大学学位，固然很好，但是在生活中没有实际知识，你仍然不能获得成功。

To get a bachelor is good of course, but without practical knowledge, you still can not make a hit.

有一个大学学位，固然很好，但是在生活中没有实际知识，你仍然不能获得成功。

The company has built up extensive know-how and experience through the fabrication of thousands of dredgers.

通过制造数千条挖泥船，公司已经积累起广泛的实际知识和技术经验。

On the basis of the advice from experts of library knowledge management and the case analyses, the author induces four implement models of library knowledge management, according to the current implementing condition of library knowledge management at home and abroad.

作者在实际案例专家征询的基础上，根据目前图书馆界对知识管理的认识程度及实施的实际状况，归纳出国内外图书馆实施知识管理的四种模式。图书馆知识管理；实施模式；案例分析

F. (1983), Teacher Thinking: A study of practical knowledge, N.Y.

陈国泰 (2001)，幼儿教师的实际知识之探究，美和技术学院学报， 19，

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。