实际气体

The determination of throttle coefficient of real gas in adiabatic throttle process is discussed in this paper.

讨论了实际气体绝热节流系数的计算，节流系数可用计算法和作图法来确定。

This paper described such a comprehensive model based on a great number of documents, which takes into consideration details including air entrainment of fuel liquid zones, unsteady heat transfer during droplet evaporation, difference between premixed and entrain dominant combustion rate, compression factor of actual gas in cylinder pressure calculation and minimization of free energy during chemical equilibrium.

摘 要：对增压直喷柴油机的缸内空气卷吸、瞬态燃油液滴蒸发、燃烧过程的分段特征、化学反应平衡的最小自由能机理、实际气体性质修正、燃烧排放物生成等进行了分析，结合缸外的喷油过程仿真及进排气过程的容积法，建立了一个综合的研究性能及排放的准维多区模型，并进行了两个机型多个工况的实机试验比较。

This article Introduces in detail a method of calculating thermodynamic properties of real gas using computers.

详细地介绍了应用计算机计算实际气体热力学参数的方法，并以水蒸气为例进行了计算，且与实际值进行了比较得出了较满意的结果。

The L-K method and the polytropic analysis proposed by Schultz are applied for the real gas thermodynamic analysis.

实际气体的热力过程采用L-K方法和Schultz的多变分析。

Adiabatic throttle coefficient is used to denote adiabatic throttle effect of real gas.

实际气体的绝热节流效应通常用绝热节流系数来表示。

A mathematical model was built for the selfdeveloped hydropneumatic spring configuration with a single air chamber by the equation mentioned above and the real gas state equation.

根据自主研发的油气弹簧的结构形式，通过上述推导公式以及实际气体状态方程建立了单气室油气弹簧的数学模型。

At the beginning,the necessity of taking quantum effect into consideration when studying Diesel cycle is put forward,and the prospects of the cycle application to practical uses are noted.

在分析了研究狄塞尔循环时需要考虑其量子效应的必要性以及该循环在实际社会生产中的广泛应用前景后，首先给出以理想气体为工作物质的狄塞尔循环的效率表达式，然后以理想费米气体为例，根据其状态方程及其热力学性质获得以理想量子气体为工作物质的狄塞尔循环的效率表达式，通过比较得出提高实际热机效率的主要途径。

First, the conception of wet compression is defined. A calculation method of moist air and wet gas thermodynamics properties is set up, which treat them as real gas and can give out the results of any water-air/gas ratio. Second, the thesis build the simulation model of water injection between compressor stages of a single shaft gas turbine, based on which the stable analysis is processed and the characteristics of key performance parameters are given out, such as the variation of air flow, pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature with the water quantities. Results showed that enhancement of power output is outstanding.

文中定义了湿压缩概念，研究适用于计算机计算的湿空气，湿燃气等实际气体的热物性计算方法，利用此法可较准确地计算任意水气比下湿空气，湿燃气的各热物性参数，建立并推导单轴燃气轮机级间喷水热力循环的数学模型，用此模型进行稳态循环分析，并得出级间喷水时燃气轮机各主要性能参数的变化规律，如随喷水量变化，空气流量、压比、燃气初温等的变化规律。

It is developed from the new generalized equation of state for real gases, proposed by the author in 1978, and takes account of the existance of higher molecular clusters (such as dimers, trimers and all degrees of accociation of molecular aggregates) in saturated vapors.

本文在作者1978年提出的《一个新的实际气体通用状态方程》的基础上，进一步考虑到饱和蒸汽中出现多重复合分子(双分子、三分子、四分子、……)的可能性，得出了一个饱和蒸汽的对比状态方程。

First, based on the measurements of absorption cross-section, the absorption characters of the main polluted gases in flue gas were deeply studied, and found that SO_2、 NO、 NO_2、 NH_3 had a character of approximate periods absorption at some wave band, which is a good chance of a new measurement introduced. Secondly, the factors about absorption cross-section of the gases measured, which affect on the measurement precision of DOAS, is studied deeply. The influence of pressure and temperature on absorption cross-section was given special research, and the compensated measures were given to the gases based on the character of the gases. Thirdly, in practical measurement, it must have been satisfied that the monochromator was consisted with the reference spectrum, which was based on absorption cross-section. In order to satisfy the consistency, the technique of reversion in the image was introduced, the reversions of spectrums were realized with wiener filter and noise elimination based on wavelet transform.

首先从吸收截面的测量入手，对烟气中主要的污染气体SO_2、NO、NO_2、NH_3的吸收特性进行详细研究，发现这些气体在局部区域具有准周期吸收特征，这为引入新的测量方法提供了契机；其次，对决定DOAS测量精度的被测气体吸收截面的诸多问题进行了深入研究，重点研究了压力、温度对被测气体吸收截面的影响，并针对被测气体的特征提出了相应的修正措施；再次，在实际测量中，要求所使用的光谱仪必须与以吸收截面为基础的参考光谱相匹配，为了满足匹配这一条件，文中将图像复原技术引入到光谱复原，使用维纳滤波和小波消噪实现了光谱的复原，将复原后的光谱与所使用光谱仪的仪器函数卷积，即可实现；最后，在对DOAS测量原理详细分析的基础上，对传统的最小二乘—差分吸收光谱法进行了详细的阐述，通过实验证实两点：1。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。