实际效应

A method for the generation of Weierstrass fractal surface is presented,based on Helmholtz equation,with the Kirchhoff approximation,the calculus formula of light scattered field on the 1-D Weierstrass fractal suface is deduced.

采用Weierstrass分形函数模拟实际粗糙表面，从简谐光波满足的亥姆荷兹方程出发，利用基尔霍夫近似推导出一维Weierstrass分形粗糙表面的光散射场的积分公式，考虑遮蔽效应后数值计算并分析了表面散射光强的角分布特性。

During the PL measurement excited by 405nm diode laser, the decreasing PL intensities of the biased LED sample were observed by increasing the measurement temperature that was caused by the thermal and tunneling effect to have the lower internal quantum efficiency.

在光激发萤光系统上，以405nm波长的雷射作为激发光源，在外加偏压测试环境下可以发现室温(300K)强度因载子热效应与穿隧效应而快速递减，导致内部量子效率较实际值低。

The characteristics of the body contact devices show the existence of "floating effect".

实际器件的输出特性表明了浮体效应的存在。

This work provides a basis for the study and the application of ultrasonic cavitation.

这为超声空化效应的研究和实际应用提供了基础理论依据。

The paper emphasis on the management circumstances of the company, and with the aggregation effect theory of supply chain the condition of Stock was improved.

本论文重点通过对企业目前的管理现状的分析，运用供应链的聚集效应等管理理论来解决实际的问题，从而使企业库存管理状况得到改善。

The results of interior ballistic theoretical simulationindicates that the single PSS charge application need propellants be provided with upperburning rate, adopting PSS and traditional model frame propellants commix charge is apractical applied technique approach.. By optimizing the PSS model frame parameter, wecan obtain "flat roof" domino offect with better even peak value "double peak" p-tcurve. Comparing with current 19 hole propellants charge with the best increasing burningsurface characteristic, the muzzle velocity of projectile can be enhanced about 55m/s, andthe instruct pressure efficiency can be enhanced about 5.7％.

内弹道理论模拟结果表明，PSS发射药单一装药的应用，需要发射药具有较高的燃烧速度，采用PSS发射药与传统药型的混合装药，是目前PSS发射药实际应用的技术途径，通过药型参数的优化可获得"平台"效应更好的等峰值的"双峰型"P～t曲线，与现有增面性最好的19孔发射药装药相比，弹丸初速可提高55m／s左右，示压效率高5.7％左右。

This article conclusively expounds the value and the significance of the management in the competitiv...

文章在总结中，指出了风险效应理论在竞技体育管理中的实际意义和价值。

In practical demonstrataiton it anatomises the application of SCM in auto enterprise, which combinates theory with practice. In the developmental Strategy, it proposes that establish a set of mode enterprise whith better infrastructuration, which can improve the core competencies of Chinese auto Industry. This is accord with the situation of out country.

3在实践论证方面，以汽车示范企业实际实施情况剖析，使理论与实践相结合：在发喂战略方面，提出了建立一批信息、化建设较好的示范企业和示范区域，通过辐射和书''散效应，提高整个汽车制造业的核心竞争力，符合中国的实际国情。

This chapter holds China as a host country.(1) It analyzes the data concerning FDI in China and import and export of foreign investment companies, concluding that the foreign investment companies in China have large-scale internal trades.(2) After analyzing the traits of processing trade itself, the development history and traits of processing trade in China, a conclusion is drawn that a large amount of internal trades are contained in the processing trade. It also analyzes the impact of this internal trade on the import and export trade, international balance and international industrial competitive in China.(3) After analyzing the technological structure, absorbent, innovation of FDI utilization in China, the strategy of "exchange market for technology" and pollution concerning the technology introduction, some conclusions are drawn that many severe problems, such as the low-leveled technology introduction structure, low popularizing and innovating rate of technology, market occupation of foreign products, pollution accompany foreign investment, are all have close relationship with the motives and functions of the internal trade.(4) According to the problems and their influences internal trade have on China, suggestions are put forward that China should control internal trade through transferring price, localization and policies attracting foreign investors.

从中国作为东道国的角度，（1）通过对中国引进FDI及外商投资企业进出口贸易的实际资料的多视角分析，得出结论：中国境内的外商投资企业的内部贸易规模是巨大的；（2）通过分析加工贸易本身的特点、我国加工贸易的发展历程、我国发展加工贸易的特点，得出结论：我国利用FDI中的加工贸易包含着大量的内部贸易，并通过实际统计资料，分析了外商加工贸易中内部贸易对我国进出口贸易、国际收支平衡和国际产业竞争力的影响；（3）通过对我国利甩FDI中所引进技术的结构、消化和创新以及&以市场换技术&战略和技术引进中的环境污染等方面的分析，得出结论：技术引进结构低下、技术的传播、波及和创新效应低下、外商产品对中国市场的挤占、外商投资企业所带来的环境污染等重大问题都与跨国公司的内部贸易的动机和功能有关；（4）针对跨国公司内部贸易所产生的种种问题及影响，分析了中国重点应从转移价格、当地化和吸引外资政策三个方面对内部贸易进行管理。

Based on those analyses and conformed international and national economic condition in china and some intrinsic defects of target zone regime, author transform target zone exchange rate regime by dividing two layers and bring forward a new exchange rate regime: double-layer-monitor exchange rate regime, the new model have possessed two merits, one is that the new model make "hollymoon effect" of target zone recurrence,and the merit can alleviate the fluctuation of exchange market;another merit is that the new model is a self-regulation system, that is say, the model can avoid long-term misalignment of exchange rate, those merit have major significance for china economy sustainable development and Chinese financial system more perfection, in paper we also present some fiscal policy and money policy served as a foil to double-layer-monitor exchange rate regime in order to make it work well, at last, we conclude that the new model will be the prior selection of RMB exchange rate regime reform for a long time form now on, and it also can serve as the bridge of RMB exchange rate regime steering to one of bipolar—free float.

在这些分析的基础上，并考虑到当前中国所面临的国际国内经济环境，针对汇率目标区的一些固有缺陷，笔者又对汇率目标区模型进行了分层改造，提出了一个新的汇率机制模型：汇率目标区双层监控模型，该模型有两个主要优势，一是可以使&蜜月效应&得以重现，从而避免外汇市场的过度波动；二是该模型是一个自稳定系统，能够进行自我调整，使实际汇率同长期均衡汇率保持一致，从而避免实际汇率的长期错位。这些优点对于我国经济的可持续发展，对于我国金融的更加完善，有着十分重要的意义。为使汇率目标区双层监控模型良好运行，论文还就相应配套的财政政策、货币政策措施作了探讨。最后得出结论，按照汇率制度&并存继起&假说，今后很长一段时间内，汇率目标区双层监控模型都将是人民币汇率制度的合意选择，另外，它也可作为人民币汇率制度向独立浮动制过渡的桥梁。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。