实际效应

Finally the method given in this paper is used in the design of a real foundation pit case to test its applicability. The result proves that this method conforms to construction reality. It can save the cost of retaining structure, and is very efficient.

文章最后以工程实例证明，所提出的将水平土拱效应应用在护壁桩设计中的计算方法符合工程实际，可节约基坑支护的成本，具有较高的综合效益。

The main results are:(1) The cumulate cause-effects model was demonstrated at both macro and micro level data. The problem of data fitting of hypertension prevalence data was solved well enough with the cumulate cause-effects model. The parameters of the model were meaningful for the practice.(2) Taking the hypertension developing speed as an indicator of health equality of hypertension between urban and rural residents in China and discovered the macro level determinants of it.(3) The causal network was testified by the structure equation model.(4) It is found that the major determinants of hypertension prevalence in China is population ageing, overweight, lifestyle changing due to high economic developing speed and the lagging behind of health education.

主要的研究成果有：(1)首次观测到我国高血压的患病率曲线符合累积风险效应模型，解决了高血压患病率资料数据拟合中长期存在的方法学问题，并对模型中参数的实际流行病学意义给出了合理的解释，能够对疾病的发病率进行间接的估计；(2)提出了用高血压的发展速度作为衡量我国城乡高血压造成的健康不平等的重要指标，解决了我国高血压患病率评价中长期存在的一些错误性认识，揭示了我国高血压城乡发展不平衡的宏观决定因素；(3)利用结构方程模型对构建的网络模型进行拟合分析，证明了模型的有效性；(4)揭示了目前影响我国高血压发展趋势的决定因素，主要包括人口老龄化趋势加剧、超重人口比例增加、经济的快速发展带来生活方式的转变和健康教育的相对滞后等几个方面。

Finally, it can be concluded that the construction process of Shaxi Bridge is reasonable, and that the influence of shrinkage, creep and temperature load on the prestressed concrete slab bridge is obvious. It is showed that the calculation result using FEM and the actual damage phenomenon fit well.

最后，通过这些分析可以看出沙溪大桥的施工过程是合理的，收缩徐变和温度效应对预应力混凝土板拉桥的影响很大，验证了有限元计算结果与实际出现病害现象的吻合。

Are due to the practical limits to which correction can be made for systematic effects, such as offset of a measuring instrument, drift in its characteristics between calibrations, personal bias in reading an analogue scale or the uncertainty of the value of a reference standard.

其它非理想性因素是由于对系统效应的修正产生的实际限制，比如测量仪器的误差，两次校验之间的性质偏移，个人读取量数的偏差或者参考标准值的不确定性。

Other imperfections are due to the practical limits to which correction can be made for systematic effects, such as offset of a measuring instrument, drift in its characteristics between calibrations, personal bias in reading an analogue scale or the uncertainty of the value of a reference standard.

其它非理想性因素是由于对系统效应的修正产生的实际限制，比如测量仪器的误差，两次校验之间的性质偏移，个人读取量数的偏差或者参考标准值的不确定性。

In oder to be in keeping with the real condition of torsional micromirror, the improved formulas for electrostatic force in finite scale parallel plate capacitor are introduced and the edge effects are taken into account.

而实际应用中的扭转微镜是有限尺度的，即在边缘处电力线会发生泄漏和弯曲，从而产生边缘效应。

As an example of application, the study on small scale shear failure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu plate under complicated strain and stress states, especially within the plastic zone ahead of a pre-crack, would promote our understanding of the fracture mechanism, of the shielding effect caused by cracking path deflection, and of the mechanism of fracture toughness anisotropy of textured high strength aluminium alloys.

作为一个应用实例，本文关于Al-Zn-Mg-Cu厚板在复杂应力应变状态下的小尺度剪切失效机制的研究，对于了解工业高强变形铝合金的断裂过程、了解裂纹扩展途径偏斜所引起的shielding效应、了解断裂特征和断裂韧度的各向异性等实际问题也是很有启发的。并已被Materi-als Science and Technology认为是&an interesting piece of work containingsome original idea s&。

It can restrain the spatial and temporal noise without blurring the edge and detail information in videos which has got proved in simulation and practical application. 4. Researches on a fast and reliable algorithm to restrain salt-and-pepper noise with high density. Proposes the concept of Stepwise strategy and neighborhood priority in the repair processing.

从而能够在抑制空时噪声的同时有效地保持图像的细节和边缘信息，并且可以巧妙地避免引入ghost效应，仿真和实际系统中应用的结果都很好的证明这一点。

At present, the researches at home and abroad concentrate on aquatic environmental influence of mine tailing and coal-gangue, but seldom focus on waste rock , which contrasts sharply with the present status of a large amount of waste rock pile in my country.

目前，国内外研究多集中于尾矿和煤矸石的水环境影响，对废石衍生水环境效应的过程、机制、影响因素研究甚少，这与我国大量废石的堆放现状形成了鲜明的对比，所以本文研究金属硫化矿业废石对水环境的影响有一定的实际意义。

The technology of optical fiber is important leading edge in information technology field. The polarization and magnetic rotation in the optical fibers have important value for theory and application.

光纤技术是信息技术领域的重要前沿，光纤中偏振及磁旋光效应具有重要的理论和实际意义。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。