实际性

The author mainly presents his ideas in this thesis from the following aspects: To perfect Chinese sports law, China should have its own sports arbitration system so that the law could catch up with the development of Chinese sports and international sports as well; The popularity of Sports arbitration institutions and the lawfulness of arbitration procedures and verdict effect make sports arbitration quasi-judicial; As long as sports arbitration is listed in the regulations of sports organizations, it could be applied for its compulsiveness; sports arbitration is supposed to address the disputes caused by the such major problems like the registration, circulation, and qualifications of the sportsman, and disputes caused by the contracts in sports activities; Mediation procedure and immediate arbitration procedure should be given special attention in the establishment of arbitration procedures; Sports arbitration should be neutral in solving disputes, and should be a qualified sports worker.

本文认为，为完善中国体育法制建设，适应中国竞技体育发展的实际需求并与国际惯例接轨，中国应尽快设立体育仲裁制度：体育仲裁机构的民间性以及仲裁程序和裁决效力的司法性，使得体育仲裁的性质具有准司法性；体育仲裁机构应具有民间性特征，体育仲裁员必须确保中立并具有体育知识素质；体育仲裁具有强制性的特征，只要体育组织的章程或规则中有体育仲裁的规定，即可申请体育仲裁；体育仲裁的范围应限于竞技体育领域中因体育组织的纪律处罚所引起的纠纷，因运动员注册、转会、流动以及参赛资格等体育专业问题所引起的纠纷，因竞技体育活动中的合同关系引起的纠纷等；体育仲裁的程序建构要突出调解程序和快速仲裁程序；体育仲裁也应具有类似于国际商事仲裁的"一裁终局"的效力；由于自身的缺陷，法院可以对体育仲裁裁决予以适当的司法审查，给当事人一个程序化的救济权利的机制。

Whether a teaching research scheme is efficient largely depends upon such aspects as the pertinency of the research theme and form, the extent to which the participants are involved in the research process, the constructiveness to resolve practice problems, the continuity and progressiveness of the research theme, the attention to generation in the research process and the compatibility of theory with practice.

观察分析教研活动有效性，关键要看：研究主题与形式的针对性；活动过程的可参与性；解决实际问题的建设性；研究主题的连续性与渐进性；关注过程的生成性；理论结合实践的指导性等。

If the Landweber method and pre-iteration method were convergent, the residue sequence would be monotone decreasing. By analyzing the convergence, the fact is demonstrated that for the severe ill-conditioned matrix of sensitivity coefficient, because of the limitation of the precision of the computer, the residue sequence is not monotone decreasing; thereby the reconstruction images diverge from the true distribution of the conductivity. So the generalized inverse method with threshold is established and the selection way of the regularization parameter is presented, by which the better images are reconstructed.

Landweber法和预迭代法收敛，则其残差序列单调递减，通过对它们的收敛性进行分析，证实对于病态性严重的灵敏度系数矩阵，由于受计算精度的限制，迭代过程中的残差序列不再单调递减，从而导致重建图象偏离实际电导率分布，因此作者建立了带阈值的广义逆算法，提出了规则化参数选择方法，获得了较好的图象重建质量。

The presence of time lag have an external inevitability, and it will influence people who collect and dispose information, touch the effect of course, debase students'ability of fitting society, increase the side-effect of course, augment the oppugn of community and families. And it will also disintegrate curricular structure, so we can't unify the instrumental characteristic and the culture trait of Chinese course.

时滞的存在具有一定的客观必然性，它会影响到调研人员和设计人员对信息的把握程度，影响到课程的推广力度和实际效果，降低学生对社会的适应能力，增加课程的社会负面效应，增加社会组织、家庭等单元对课程的质疑，它还会分化语文课程内部组织结构的严密性，使语文的工具性和人文性难以实现真正的统一。

The effect of tribology factors on bearing vibration is studied experimentally. AR model and WPT are used to processing the normal arid abnormal signals. The results are as follows:1. The vibration of ball bearings is caused by the tribology action of contact pairs of ball and ring races and has the essential of tribo-dynamics. Any factors affecting the tribology characteristics of contact pairs will affect vibration and noise of bearings consequently.2. Vibration characteristics of bearing keep almostly unchanged with the increasing of axial load expecting the increasing of nature frequencies. When radial load increasing with axial load unchanged, nature frequencies keep unchanged but some new vibration peaks appears in the spectrum.3. Vibration amplitudes are damped and nature frequency are enhanced with sufficient lubrication. Vibration and noise of bearings increase obviously and roar can happen and the contact surfaces scratch slightly under insufficient and unclean lubrication state. Bearing will be disabled in a few minutes without any lubrication.4. Bearing vibration is unstable under low speed. With the speed increasing, the vibration become stable and natural frequencies increase slightly but the amplitudes increase apparently.5. Bearing vibration can be excited only by some harmonics ofwaviness without lubrication and by all harmonics with lubrication based on the theoretical analysis.6. The nature frequencies of ball bearings decrease with the increasing sizes. When international clearance increasing, nature frequencies decrease in radial and increase in axial and angular and the amplitudes increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular. When the number of balls increasing, nature frequencies increase and amplitudes decrease. When the pitch diameter increasing, axial nature frequency increase and others nearly keep no change. When outer race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies increase in radial and decrease in axial and angular and amplitudes keep no change in radial and increase in axial and angular. When inner race groove curvature radius increasing, nature frequencies decrease and amplitudes increase.7. The distortion in amplitude and frequency components of bearing vibration signals picked up by the present probe measurement method is founded and right conclusions cannot be achieved by the signals. When accelerometer is rigidly screwed with steel stud onto a flat outer surface of a ball bearing, vibration signal can be got without distortion and the reliability of research on bearing vibration is assured.8. AR model is suitable for large samples of bearing vibration signals, square root of length of samples can be used as the upper limitation of order determination and the FPE order selection criterion is effective. Many advantages of AR spectrum are founded over the classical based on FFT.9. Time-Frequency analysis is necessary for abnormal noise of ball bearings. WPT overcomes the principle shortcomings of STFT and proved to be a best tool to process the abnormal signals.

理论分析和试验研究表明： 1球轴承振动是钢球—滚道接触副中的各种摩擦学作用引起的，具有摩擦动力学的本质，任何对接触副的摩擦学特性有影响的因素都将对球轴承的振动和噪声特性产生影响； 2中心轴向载荷作用下，载荷增大使球轴承的固有振动频率升高，载荷越大同样的载荷增幅引起的频率升幅减小，足够大的中心轴向载荷作用下载荷的变化对球轴承振动的频率特性不会产生明显的影响； 3轴向和径向联合载荷作用下，径向载荷不大时球轴承振动的固有频率基本不变，但是可能引起变刚度激励的非线性振动，出现新的频峰，过大的径向载荷将使部分钢球脱离接触，使球轴承的振动和噪声呈现不稳定状态； 4润滑对球轴承的振动和噪声特性有重要的影响，良好的润滑对振动有明显的抑制作用，润滑不充分时，振动和噪声的水平会有明显增高，一定条件下还会激发接触副中的谐振，发出啸声，造成接触表面的伤害，无润滑干接触时，短时的运转就会损伤接触副表面，使振动和噪声迅速增大，并随时可能引发严重的磨损和卡滞失效；接触副润滑良好时，油膜的"刚化效应"使球轴承振动的固有频率有所提高，润滑剂中含有弥散性污浊时，振动的幅度总体升高，但弥散性污浊不会改变球轴承振动的频率特性；浙江大学博士学位论文：球轴承振动的研究 5低速时，球轴承振动的基本特征呈现不稳定状态，随着转速的提高，球轴承振动的频率特性趋于稳定，固有频率频峰升高； 6理论分析表明，干接触时钢球和滚道表面波纹度的某些谐波分量能激励球轴承的振动，振动的幅值与谐波幅值成正比，实际球轴承中钢球的分布不可能完全均匀，波纹度的激励作用会随时发生；润滑接触的分析表明，波纹度的任意谐波分量均能激励球轴承的振动； 7球轴承的几何和结构参数分析表明，球轴承尺寸越大，径向、轴向和角振动的固有频率越低；钢球中心圆直径增大，球轴承的径向和轴向振动的固有频率基本不变，角振动的固有频率有所上升，振动的幅频特性基本不变；径向游隙加大使球轴承的径向振动固有频率降低，轴向和角振动的固有频率有所升高，径向振动幅频特性的幅值升高，而轴向和角向降低；钢球的数量增多使球轴承振动的固有频率上升，幅频特性的幅值下降，径向振动的幅值下降最为明显；外圈沟曲率半径系数增大使球轴承径向振动的固有频率升高，轴向和角振动的固有频率降低，径向幅频特性基本不变，轴向和角向幅频特性幅值升高；内圈沟曲率半径系数增大使径向、轴向和角振动固有频率均下降，振动幅频特性的幅值均有升高； 8试验对比表明，传感器采用探针式安装时，由于探针接触副接触特性的影响，钡(量得到的球轴承振动信号有失真，采用专门设计和制作的试验球轴承，以固定式安装加速度计，首次测量得到了球轴承振动的真实信号，通过对振动信号的分析，验证了球轴承振动的理论模型； 9)基于时间序列分析的AR模型适用于大样本球轴承振动信号的分析，以样本长度的均方根值作定阶上界，FPE做判阶准则，给出的AR谱光滑，频率分辨率高，是球轴承振动分析的简便而可靠的手段； 10以时频域分析的小波包变换分析球轴承异音信号能够比较好地定位和聚焦异音发生的时间，时间间隔，频率范围，同样是球轴承振动分析的可靠的手段，可用作球轴承故障诊断技术。

Describe the pollution simulation model; propose the decomposition principle which is independence between atom model and application, convenience of dynamic composition according to structure of pollution spreading simulation service. The basic idea is that decompensate the entire model, package the every sub model into grid service and deploy it into grid node.

从海上溢漏污染扩散模拟模型体系的构成出发，首先进行污染模拟模型的描述，提出了基本原子模型与实际应用的无关性、动态组合的方便性的模型体系分解原则，以及具体实现的思路；将整个海上溢漏污染扩散模拟模型体系进行分解，进行网格化封装与部署，形成独立的网格服务。

At last, we are concerned with the global existence and asymptotic behavior of smooth solution to the initial boundary value problem for the bipolar hydrodynamic model with the Neumann and Dirichlet boundary condition in the one-dimensional case, respectively. The difficulties from the coupled action between electrons and holes are carefully dealt with.

另外，本文也深入研究一维空间双极半导体流体动力学模型初边值问题光滑解的整体存在性及其衰减性，分别讨论了两类在实际应用中重要的边值条件，克服了由于电子和空穴之间的耦合作用所带来的困难。

The study objects were three rounds of teaching of Division with Remainder, and the findings were presented in both dimensions of transverse and longitudinal comparison.

当前的课程改革强调数学的应用性、情景性及探究性学习，但在实际的课堂教学中似乎还流于形式。

In terms of the transmission shaft balancing, it exists another problem that the shaft is not looked at as rigid body.When the rotor running at a high-speed ,under the action of unbalance force ,the transmission shaft will bend. It is certainly ideal to balance a transmission shaft as a flexible rotor.However, considering the mass production of automobiles, this method is obviously unpractical. In order to discreasing the flexible deformation, in this theory, the feasibility that double- plane balancing takes method the place of multi-plane balancing on a special place for one segment transmission shaft.

从传动轴平衡的角度来看，传动轴并非刚体，在汽车高速旋转时，由于不平衡力的作用会使传动轴发生挠曲，如果将传动轴作为挠性转子进行平衡当然比较理想，但是不符合汽车大批量生产的实际，为减少挠曲振动，利用挠性转子平衡原理，对于单根传动轴，从特殊位置进行校正，从而以二面平衡代替多面平衡是可行的。

According to the Logistic Equation and the impact of stochastic factors, a stochastic nonlinear dynamical model had been presenred. The max Lyapunov exponent was calculated by Oseledec multiplicative ergodic theory, the local stability conditions had been obtained; the global stability conditions had also been obtained by judging the modality of the singular boundary; the stochastic Hopf bifurcation was analyzed using the invariant measure of stable probability density, and the condition of stochastic Hopf bifurcation had been discussed. The key parameter impacting the urban domestic water consumption had been found by numerical emulation.

根据Logistic阻滞增长模型原理，考虑到诸多随机因素的影响，本文建立了一个城市生活用水量的随机非线性模型，运用Oseledec乘性遍历定理计算了模型的最大Lyapunov指数，得到了局部稳定性的条件；通过对扩散边界性态的分析，得到了全局稳定性的条件；通过分析系统平稳状态概率密度的不变测度，得到了模型随机Hopf分岔的条件，结合实际进行了数值仿真，得到了影响用水量的关键参数。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。