实际地

The main factors affecting the soil-structure interface behaviors were found experimentally and theoretically, including: 1 the thickness of the interface that is five to six times the average grain size of the soil; 2 the aeolotropy of interface, which is responsible for anisotropic response of the stress-strain response of the interface; 3 two physical states, including crashing and compression of the soil near the structure surface, which govern the stress-strain response of the interface strongly; 4 two shear deformation components due to sliding and constraint of the structure surface relative to the soil respectively, which forms the deformation of the interface; 5 the volumetric strain due to dilatancy, which is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. 4. A unified constitutive model of the interface, based on new elasto-plasticity damage theory, was developed. It was confirmed to be effective for the conditions considering monotonic and cyclic shearing, coupling effect of shear and volumetric strains, evolution of physical state, micro-structure aeolotropy of the soil and the resulting aeolotropy of the interface as well as the three normal boundary conditions stated above. 5. 2D and 3D finite element formulations of the present model were derived and incorporated into the FEM codes. They were applied to the evaluation of practical engineering problems with different typical interfaces between soil and structure. The new model was shown to be reasonable and effective.

确定了粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为5～6倍的平均粒径，首次揭示了接触面的细观结构异向性以及由此所引起的宏观剪切异向性，发现了在单调和往返剪切荷载作用下土颗粒破碎和剪切压密两种物态变化机制共同支配着接触面力学性质的变化，通过细观分析证实了接触面的变形可分解为一般同时发生的土与结构交界面上的滑移变形以及结构面位移约束范围之内土体本身的剪切变形两部分，观测到接触面受剪时表现出明显的相对法向位移，并可分解为可逆性和不可逆性两个分量；(4)建立了第一个能够统一地描述单调与往返剪切特性、剪应变与体应变耦合特性、细观结构和宏观剪切异向性以及土颗粒破碎等物态变化特性的土与结构接触面弹塑性损伤本构数学模型，并采用多种法向边界条件复杂加载路径的试验成果验证了新模型的合理性和有效性；(5)提出了新模型的二、三维有限元格式并结合实际边值问题进行了应用计算分析，比较了不同接触面本构模型对计算结果的影响，证实了新模型及其有限元格式不仅能够合理地描述土与结构接触面的主要力学特性，还能够较好地反映土体与结构物在接触面处的滑移、脱开等不连续现象。

It solves the problem that the unitary contour presentation can not correctly extract face contour in a face image which suffers from scale, rotation etc. The definition of the internal and external energy function is provided. At the same time, the global matching algorithm and local matching algorithm is given. The experiment shows that this presentation and the accompanying matching algorithm can be used to extract the face contour very well. So the image segmentation can be implemented by using it.②By analyzing the recognition principle of PCA method, we can conclude that the face images coming from different surrounding consist of different face image space. This is the essential reason that makes the generality of PCA method worse. Also, we give a measurement means to measure the distance from different face image space, so we can analyze face image space more conveniently.③We also construct various scale models and rotation pose models to detect the scale and rotating angle of face image to be recognized. The experiment results show that the detecting precision is very high. So it is good for face image feature extraction and face image representation.④Similarly, we construct local feature models of face image and utilize them to detect the local feature of face image. At the same time, we put forward a novel face image local feature detection algorithm, locating step by step. The experiment results show that this method can accurately detect the location of local face feature in a image.⑤A novel face image presentation model, dual attribute graph , is put forward. Firstly, it utilizes attribute graph to present the face image, then exact the local principal component coefficient and Gabor transform coefficient of thc pixels which corresponds to the nodes of the graph as the attribute of the nodes. This representation fully makes use of the statistical characteristic of the local face feature and utilizes Gabor transform to present the topographical structure of face image. So DAG has more general property.⑥Based on the DAG presentation, we give a DAG matching function and matching algorithm. During the design of the function and algorithm, the noise factor, e. g., lighting, scale and rotation pose are considered and tried to be eliminated. So the algorithm can give more general property.⑦A general face image recognition system is implemented. The experiment show the system can get better recognition performance under the noise surrounding of lighting, scale and rotation pose.

本文在上述研究的基础上，取得了如下主要研究成果：①构造了一个通用的人脸轮廓模型表示，解决了由于人脸图象尺度、旋转等因素而使得仅用单一轮廓表示无法正确提取人脸轮廓的问题，并给出了模型内、外能函数的定义，同时给出了模型的全局与局部匹配算法，实验表明，使用这种表示形式以及匹配算法，能够较好地提取人脸图象的轮廓，可实际用于人脸图象的分割；②深入分析了PCA方法的识别机制，得出不同成象条件下的人脸图象构成不同的人脸图象空间的结论，同时指出这也是造成PCA方法通用性较差的本质原因，并给出了不同人脸空间距离的一种度量方法，使用该度量方法能够直观地对人脸图象空间进行分析；③构造了各种尺度模板、旋转姿势模板以用于探测待识人脸图象的尺度、旋转角度，实验结果表明，探测精确度很高，从而有利于人脸图象特征提取，以及图象的有效表示；④构造了人脸图象的各局部特征模板，用于人脸图象局部特征的探测；同时提出了一种新的人脸图象局部特征探测法---逐步求精定位法，实验结果表明，使用这种方法能够精确地得到人脸图象各局部特征的位置；⑤提出了一种新的人脸图象表示法---双属性图表示法；利用属性图来表示人脸图象，并提取图节点对应图象位置的局部主成分特征系数以及Gabor变换系数作为图节点的属性，这种表示方法充分利用了人脸图象的局部特征的统计特性，并且使用Gabor变换来反映人脸图象的拓扑结构，从而使得双属性图表示法具有较强的通用性；⑥在双属性图表示的基础上，给出双属性图匹配函数及匹配算法，在函数及算法设计过程中，考虑并解决了光照、尺度、旋转姿势变化等因素对人脸图象识别的影响，使得匹配算法具有较强的通用性；⑦设计并实现了一个通用的人脸图象识别系统，实验结果表明，该系统在图象光照、尺度、旋转姿势情况下，得到了较好的识别效果。

Many boiler faults can be simulated or reappeared in form of data .

为了适应锅炉现场的实际情况，有效地进行诊断系统的开发，设计并建立了一个可以模拟锅炉实际运行的锅炉数据支撑平台。

In order to improve the efficiency, an implementing scheme (according to the distribution of strain energy density) was suggested when to consider the fact that the high gradient usually appears only in a very local region, especially in the case of huge amount of computation. All programming has been finished on the platform of commercial codes Mathmatica and Fortran.4. A number of numerical examples and applications were presented to verify the proposed Bezier-Based Element Method. The engineering cases include: the belt die for diamond synthesize, the main frame of wire-rounded press, the hydraulic cylinder of open die forging press. The numerical results show that the BBEM has some good performances.

通过大量的数值算例来考证所构建的各种类型单元，并应用于人造金刚石年轮模具、钢丝缠绕预应力机架和液压机工作缸等实际问题的结构分析；结果表明：所构建的Bezier耦合单元具有描述较大梯度变化场(如位移场、应力应变场等)的能力，该方法不改变单元的大小和形状，保持单元的自由度数不变，而通过调节中间可动节点的位置改变单元内部的场分布，只需少量单元即可较精确地模拟较大的梯度变化；可为有效求解高梯度问题提供新思路，对实际工程应用具有重要意义。

A number of numerical examples and applications were presented to verify the proposed Bezier-Based Element Method. The engineering cases include: the belt die for diamond synthesize, the main frame of wire-rounded press, the oil cylinder of open die forging press. The numerical results show that the BBEM has some good performances. With few elements, the BBEM can lead to a high accuracy. If using same DOFs, the computing precision of BBEM is remarkable higher than that of the conventional FEM.

通过大量的数值算例来考证所构建的各种类型单元，并应用于人造金刚石年轮模具、钢丝缠绕预应力机架和液压机工作缸等实际问题的结构分析；结果表明：所构建的Bezier耦合单元具有描述较大梯度变化场（如位移场、应力应变场等）的能力，该方法不改变单元的大小和形状，保持单元的自由度数不变，而通过调节中间可动节点的位置改变单元内部的场分布，只需少量单元即可较精确地模拟较大的梯度变化；可为有效求解高梯度问题提供新思路，对实际工程应用具有重要意义。

For meeting the needs of automated real-time dynamic monitoring of heavy fog events by means of a weather satellite remote-sensing technique for specialized meteorological services like military operations and highway traffic, the paper presents a systematic study of spectral characteristics of visible and infra red light, the textures and dynamic dispersals of fogs on satellite imagery in the context of theory on the transmission of atmospheric radiation, thereby revealing their abruptness, waviness and mass-like features, which, in combination with a synthetic technique for cloud/fog maps of multi-channel remote-sensing spectra are used to set up a model for automatic separation of fogs from clouds based on the integrative application of spectral features and texture structures, for which are constructed corresponding discfiminant functions and criteria, and on this basis prepared is a"system for remotely-sensing monitoring of low cloud and heavy fog"which has been used for tests, with the main conclusions shown as follows.

本文针对军事和高速公路等专业气象服务中应用气象卫星遥感技术对大雾进行自动化实时动态监测的实际需要，从大气辐射传输理论入手，系统地研究了气象卫星遥感图像上云雾的可见光和红外光谱特征、纹理结构特征和大雾的消散动态特征，揭示了雾的突发性、波动性和团状雾特性，通过研究多通道遥感光谱的云雾图像合成技术，建立了综合应用光谱特征和纹理结构特征的云雾自动分离模型，给出了相应的判别函数和判别准则，研制了&低云大雾遥感监测系统&，并进行了实际应用试验。

The detailed finite element analytical computation was successfully carried out on this structure and the stress and strain distribution of this structure were obtained under various actual operating conditions, thus laid a foundation for the structural improvement and optimization design of the rear loaded garbage compressing cart.

采用实际测试和变参数描述相结合的方法给出垃圾载荷的数学表达，利用ANSYS进行结构有限元分析调校载荷数学表达中的可变参数，保证了分析计算与实验测试结果的一致性，成功地对该结构进行了详尽的有限元分析计算，获得了该结构在各种实际工况下的应力及变形分布，为后装式压缩垃圾车的结构改进与优化设计打下了基础。

Field data processing examples show that sub-images of vugs and fractures can be correctly separated from original FMI data continuously and automatically along the depth axis. The image segmentation lays the foundation for in-situ parameter calculation.

实际资料处理表明，应用这种方法可以从实际的FMI资料中准确地分割出孔洞、裂缝的子图像并且可以按深度段连续自动处理，为后续定量计算参数奠定了良好基础。

This paper systematically analyzes the status quo of our country's shipping company and the problem lying\|in the operating managing strategy. Moreover, according to the practical problem lying in the shipping company's operation\|decision, shipping transportation investment, ship renewal, tramp and liner operation, and land\|based industry, and the general character of our country's shipping company management this paper systematically analyzes the practical problems lying in the process of decision, such ...

在系统地分析了我国航运企业在经营管理决策中所存在的问题的基础上，针对航运企业经营决策，航运投资，船舶更新，不定期船、班轮经营，陆上产业等急等解决的实际问题，结合航运企业管理的一般特点，通过对航运企业生产、技术、企划、经营活动在其决策过程中所存在实际问题的系统分析，实现了航运企业经营发展决策的DSS辅助决策支持。

The theoretical research on probability theory and random process and the practical applications show that the class normal distribution is most widely distributed in actual natural phenomenon and social phenomenon, cloud model is a powerful tool in simulating class normal distribution, controlling particle generation and particles attribute alternation of the particles system based on the cloud mode will simulate the natural rain more realistically, and has more fidelity effect.

概率论与随机过程的理论研究和实际应用表明，类正态分布在实际的自然现象与社会现象中分布最为广泛，云模型是模拟生成类正态分布的有力工具，基于云模型控制粒子系统的粒子生成、属性的改变能够更真实地模拟自然雨的生成，具有更逼真的效果。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。