实际价格

Firstly,the paper introduces some related concepts of employment and exchange rate,focused on the difference between the nominal and real exchange rates,price index that impacts the calculation of real effective exchange rate,characteristics of the labor market and the ...

本文首先对与汇率和就业的相关概念进行解析，重点讨论了名义汇率与实际汇率的区别、影响实际有效汇率计算的价格指数、劳动力市场的特征及劳动密集型产业在我国存在的现状及主要问题，回顾了学术界研究汇率变动与就业关系的相关成果，阐述了本文的研究特色。

The main results are as follows:We review the existing Monte Carlo control variates estimators of the price of Asian options and propose a new one. According to pratical needs, we define efficiency as the inverse of the product of the variance of an estimator and its computational time and make it a standard for comparisons to draw the following conclusions: Firstly, the more control variates correlate with arithmetic average Asian options, the larger is the efficiency of an estimator with these control variates, but among which the geometric average option plays the most important role; Secondly, an estimator with more control variates is better than one with less ones only when the time to maturity is long and the volatility is high.

在综合已有研究工作的基础上，本论文的主要创新成果如下：（1）我们回顾了已有的亚洲期权价格的蒙特卡罗控制变量估计，并提出了一个新的控制变量估计，且从客观实际出发，将估计值的方差和计算时间的乘积的倒数定义为效率并以它为标准比较各估计，得到以下结论：与算术平均亚洲期权相关程度越大的控制变量构成的估计的效率越大，而其中起主要作用的控制变量为几何平均亚洲期权的价格；只有在到期时间较长且标的资产的波动率较大时，元素多的多元控制变量估计比元素少的效率大。

It is important to use hedonic price theory to research urban housing price practically in our country.

因此，应用特征价格理论来研究我国城市商品住宅价格具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。

Based on the theory of marginal analysls, thls paper presents two methods for calculating the marginal cost of stimulation, which are suitable for both cases with rich practical data and without practical data, and according to the principle of marginal cost equivalent to marginal benefit, puts forward the marg...

根据边际分析理论，提出了两种计算增产措施边际成本的方法，分别适合于实际资料丰富和缺乏的情况；并根据边际成本等于边际效益的原则，确定出老区增产措施的边际价格以及在现行价格体系下各项措施的取合条件。

Furthermore, we calculate percent error of the theoretical price of warrants、the simulated price of control variate method with the real price of warrants.

并计算上限型认购权证理论价格、控制变异法所模拟的价格与实际定价的误差。

We discovered that the referral reasonable price was larger when using AHP in the analysis process due to that the factors of affecting technology value were related to each other. Furthermore, it was reflected actual condition comparatively with using FIM to adjust technology price since it considered reciprocal relation among factors.

模糊积分法则较适合运用於买卖双方考虑彼此损益下的技术移转价值的评估，而两种方法所得的区间即为厂商合理的技术价格区间，而模糊积分法修正过后的技术价格因有考量到因素间的关联性影响，所以较能反映实际的情况。

The government-oriented land reserve model has achieved some good results, but it is still going under way and some problems do exist, which can be listed as follows: 1 The legal rights of the people whose land has been purchased may be infringed upon because of the government's monopoly over the land purchase price; 2 Aimed at increasing land remise income, the local government reduces land supply for the purpose of raising land price, which arouses people's suspicion upon land reserve system. 3 The government-oriented land reserve model needs large funds and it is difficult to meet the demand for funds mainly by bank loans, which results in more risks in the operation of land reserse funds.

在肯定成效的同时，还应看到政府主导型土地储备模式还处在发展初期，实际工作中也遇到了一些问题：一是要求所有进入城市流转的土地必须由政府统一收购，容易引起地方政府利用垄断权利，压低土地收购价格，侵犯土地被收购者的合法权益；二是政府牢牢掌握城市土地供应的主动权，一切土地经由政府垄断供应，但由于土地供应与地方财政收入密切相关，为增加土地出让收益，地方政府采用"饥饿供地法"来达到提高土地价格的目的，引起了人们对土地储备制度的怀疑；三是政府主导型土地储备模式需要巨额资金加以支持，但以银行贷款为主的融资方式难以满足其资金需求，增加了土地储备资金运行的风险。

It can be not only the actually sale price, but the conventional price in the contract.

它可以是实际发生的销售价格，又可以是尚未支付的合同已约定的价格。

In fact, from Wahaha management systems and practice, we can see that the management strategy: First, to implement a win-win aggregators institutional, Wahaha in China's 31 provinces to strictly selected more than 1,000 dealers, formed covering nearly Every town in China a joint marketing system, and use margin approach to building confidence between the parties, this approach dramatically changed the Wahaha trade forms of organization, Wahaha's chairman and general manager Zong said that this organizational form of "aggregators body"; Second, the implementation of differential pricing system, Wahaha's existing sales network of the company itself, a special dealer, special two dealers, secondary dealers, three dealers, retail terminals, and strict price control system; 3, comprehensive incentives, Wahaha's rebate is not a single incentive sales rebate of such direct incentive, but rather to include a variety of promotions and other indirect incentives, including a comprehensive incentive measures; 5, strict accountability and developed a regional strict reward and punishment system, Wahaha and dealer signed a contract to the authorized dealers to strictly limit the sale of the area to prevent the dealer cross-regional sales in order to strictly protect the dealers around the interests; 6, and distributors to establish deep feelings, Wahaha and distributors Once the partnership working to develop a long-term strategic partner; 7, emphasis on marketing, team building, Wahaha throughout the country only more than 3000 sales staff Why so few sales staff can help the company to complete more than 32.5 billion yuan in annual sales, which Wahaha focus on team-building and marketing are inseparable.

其实，从娃哈哈的管理制度和实际操作中我们可以发现其管理策略：一、实行双赢的联销体制度，娃哈哈在全国31个省市严格选择了1000多家经销商，组成了几乎覆盖中国每一个乡镇的联合销售体系，并采用保证金的方式建立双方的信任，这种方式极大地改变了娃哈哈的交易组织形式，娃哈哈公司董事长兼总经理宗庆后称这种组织形式为"联销体"；二、实行级差价格体系，娃哈哈现在的销售网络构成是公司自身、特约一级经销商、特约二级经销商、二级经销商、三级经销商、零售终端，并实行严格的价格管理体系；三、全面的激励措施，娃哈哈的返利激励并不是单一的销量返利这样的直接激励，而是采取包括各种优惠活动等间接激励在内的全面激励措施；五、实行严格的区域责任制并制定了严明的奖罚制度，娃哈哈和经销商签订的合同中给特约经销商限定了严格的销售区域，防止经销商跨区域销售，以严格保护各地经销商的利益；六、与经销商建立深厚的感情，娃哈哈和经销商一旦确定合作关系就致力于发展成为长期的战略伙伴；七、重视营销队伍的建设，娃哈哈在全国各地只有3000多销售人员，为什么如此少的销售人员可以帮助公司完成超过325亿元的年销售额，这与娃哈哈注重营销队伍的建设和培养是分不开的。

In addition, actual costing uses actual costs to valuate inventories of raw materials, semifinished products, and finished products.

另外，实际成本计算使用实际成本来评价库存物料，半成品，以及成品的价格。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。