实际价格

With this higher price level constant, real negative interest rates so that some knowledge of economics knowledge will be such a low interest rate through a large number of loans to make up their own price increases in the monetary loss, which is this year's residents to purchase Housing loans increased sharply the main driving forces.

这一较高的价格水平不变，实际负利率使一些知识经济学知识将成为这样的低利率通过大量贷款来弥补自己的价格上涨在金钱上的损失，这是今年的居民购买住房贷款大幅增加的主要推动力。

In the supply chain model, it is assumed that demand is dependent on the product's retail price, i.e., the demand is a decreasing function in retail price.

模型中假设实际需求依赖于产品的零售价格，是零售价格的递减函数。

Points out, this type of a definition which basically means that the margin of dumping is obtained by deducting the export sales price from the home market sales price, sounds relatively simple, but is not so when applied.

正如杰克逊( 1990年第2号)指出，这种类型的定义基本上指的倾销幅度，是获得扣除出口销售价格由本国市场上的销售价格，听起来比较简单，但实际并非如此，当适用。

Firstly,the paper introduces some related concepts of employment and exchange rate,focused on the difference between the nominal and real exchange rates,price index that impacts the calculation of real effective exchange rate,characteristics of the labor market and the present situation and major issues of labor-intensive industries in China,and reviews the academic study of the relationship between the change of exchange rate and employment and explains the research characteristics of this paper.

本文首先对与汇率和就业的相关概念进行解析，重点讨论了名义汇率与实际汇率的区别、影响实际有效汇率计算的价格指数、劳动力市场的特征及劳动密集型产业在我国存在的现状及主要问题，回顾了学术界研究汇率变动与就业关系的相关成果，阐述了本文的研究特色。

From the water conservancy project management unit of investors or the Angle, the price paid according to the present financial system, calculation and payment of the actual project plan and actual expenses to evaluate its financial benefit and feasibility of work.

从水利工程的投资者或经营管理单位的角度出发，按实际支付的价格和现行财务制度，计算工程方案实际支付的费用和实际取得的效益，以评价其财务可行性的工作。

According to Meese's exchange rate model in 1986, in this paper, we modified Meese's (1986) model and suppose the Interest Rate Parity is untenable, the risk premium factor and real exchange rate parameter are considered, and the Purchasing Power parity doesn't follow random walk, we derive our modified equilibrium model. Base on the State Space Model, we try to estimate bubbles and risk premium which are unobservable variables by Kalman Filter to test which one is or both are the main factors that to cause the real assets price biased from the market fundamental price.

本文是以Meese(1986)所决定的汇率模型为基础，但Messe一文并未讨论到风险溢酬的问题，故本文为了克服此一缺憾，而假设未抛捕的利率平价说(uncovered interest parity，UIP)不成立，以加入风险溢酬因子，且更进一步假设偏离购买力平价理论(purchasing power parity，PPP)不服从随机漫步，若如此则顺利将实质汇率变数纳入於模型中，重新建立均衡汇率模型，为了验证本文所创立的模型，实证方法以状态空间模型为基础，运用卡门滤波器递回法来估计不可观察的变数，以观察台湾的外汇市场上是因泡沫现象还是风险溢酬造成资产价格偏离市场基要价值或是两者皆是造成实际资产价格偏离市场机要价格的因素。

From Japan's stock market performance, PPI peaked down time in February of 1974, but the early fall as a result of PPI in the price index of imported goods under the guidance of a slow down, so until the third quarter of 1974 with the fourth quarter of Inter, GDP deflator is it the real meaning of the fall, while real GDP rose bottom.

从日本股市的表现，生产者价格指数攀升，甚至在1974年2月的时间，但初秋，作为生产者价格指数在进口商品价格指数结果下缓慢的指导下，因此，直到1974年第三季度第四季度国际米兰，GDP平减指数是它的下跌的真正含义，而实际国内生产总值增长的底部。

A new method of American option pricing with stochastic vola...

针对随机波动率模型下美式期权定价的复杂性，本文在已有的欧式期权定价公式下，利用二叉树与随机波动率矩阵的结合，当股票价格收益波动率服从马尔可夫随机过程时，实际波动率σ下美式期权价格是随机状态波动率下价格的加权和，其权重可以由波动率矩阵算出，并且给出了对应思想的算法，最后通过数值算例进一步说明了算法的有效性。

Writer also recommends the two partial distribution tariff could be the solution for the Beijing area and explains the theories and methodologies of the accounting cost and marginal cost based tariff making and introduces the tariff mechanism and method applied in other countries' electric market. The two partial price, i.e. capacity price and electricity price, is also simulated and performed mathematical calculation based on the figures from the Beijing power grid.

并在分析了基于会计成本和边际成本的输配电服务定价方法及国外电力市场中实际运行的输电价格机制和定价方法的基础上，结合北京地区电网特点，对其配电价格制定进行研究，确定采用两部制形式，明确容量电价和电量电价的理论依据和计算方法，并根据北京电网的数据，对于北京配电网的服务价格进行测算和敏感性与可行性分析。

The paper consists of five parts. Firstly I carry on a review to the domestic and foreign scholars" research on the stock price manipulation, in the second part, the paper takes an objective analysis of the way in which china"s stock market is manipulated and the cause of the manipulation. In the third chapter, firstly I find that auto-correlation of time series of stock return and persistency of the GARCH model could be an index for speculative price by comparing the characters between the speculative price and non-speculative price presented by GARCH modeling, and then stick out that low β coefficient is an important symbol of stock price manipulation through empirical study.

本文的研究分五个部分，首先对国内外学者对股价操纵方面的理论和研究成果进行了回顾，在第二部分中结合中国股市的实际情况对中国股票市场的操纵手法及形成的原因进行了客观的分析，第三章首先通过比较非操纵价格与被操纵价格的时间序列GARCH模型的特点，证明被操纵价格存在序列相关，时变条件方差不稳定的特点，然后通过实证研究表明低贝塔系数是市场操纵过程中股价异动的重要标志。

The basic concept of FOP can be summarized as to further optimize effective prescription according to the standard of curative effects and with the aid of modern science and technology and theories of traditional Chinese medicine.

其基本内涵可概括为：以确有疗效的中药复方为研究对象，以现代科学技术和传统中医药理论为技术支持，以该复方所治病证的药效响应为评价标准，以优化重组疗效更优的新复方为研究目的。

Ever since our world has been a world, native forests have been indiscriminately exploited by man.

自从我们的世界一直是世界原生森林被任意剥削人。