实际主义

Thereby,he found a correctpath of the solution to the principal contradictions,i.e.through establishment andimplementation of the basic line of"one center and two basic points",under thepremise of adherence to the basic socialist system,we should reform fundamentallyvarious specific systems such as highly-concentrated stiff economy and politics.

在新的历史时期，邓小平总结国内外在社会主义社会主要矛盾问题上的经验教训，把马克思主义的基本原理同我国的具体实际和时代特征相结合，通过对社会基本矛盾的分析和研究，确立了人民日益增长的物质文化需要与落后的社会生产之间的矛盾是我国社会主要矛盾的思想，并由此找到了解决主要矛盾的正确途径，即通过制定和实施党的"一个中心、两个基本点"的基本路线，在坚持社会主义基本制度的前提下，从根本上改革高度集中僵化的经济、政治等各种具体体制。

These have Promethean academic point of view, to raising academic level of the cadre, the mistake in correcting real work had major effect, the socialism that is exploration him China built road to extend new thinking, also added new content for Marxism theory.

这些具有独创性的理论观点，对提高干部的理论水平，纠正实际工作中的错误起了重大作用，为探索中国自己的社会主义建设道路拓展了新的思路，也为马克思主义理论增添了新的内容。

Just try and appraise the political situation or guide the struggle without making any investigation, and you will see whether or not such appraisal or guidance is groundless and idealist and whether or not it will lead to opportunist or putschist errors.

你试试离开实际调查去估量政治形势，去指导斗争工作，是不是空洞的唯心的呢？这种空洞的唯心的政治估量和工作指导，是不是要产生机会主义错误或者盲动主义错误呢？

One is that any pleasure in the actual process of life encourages a sort of political quietism.

其一是生活实际过程中的任何欢愉都会导致政治上的寂静主义[译注5]。

In order to strengthen the guiding position of Marxism in new condition,it' s necessary to persist in the spirit of being true and practical, and hold high the flag of Marxism, Dengxiaoping's theory and three representation thought.

在新的历史条件下切实巩固马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位，必须坚持求真务实的精神，高举毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想的伟大旗帜，紧紧抓住发展这个"第一要务"，从理论和实践的结合上不断研究新情况，正确回答现实生活提出的、干部群众普遍关心的重大理论和实际问题。

The Opium War broughtChina the following results: Firstly, it made China lose its national sovereign and territorial integrity and turn itfrom an independent country to a semicolonial country.

鸦片战争的结果：一是使中国丧失国家主权和领土完整，由一个主权国家开始成为一个半殖民地国家；二是大量泛滥的鸦片烟掠走了中国巨额财富，毒害和降低了中国的国民素质，阻碍了近代中国历史的发展；三是破坏了农业和手工业结合的小生产经济结构，打破了中国经济发展的滞缓状态，刺激和促进了中国资本主义近代工业的发生和发展；四是惊醒了中国人，先进的中国人开始了漫长的学习西方资本主义的过程，最后才找到马克思主义，并使之与中国社会实际结合起来，走上国家独立和社会主义道路。

Communists must always go into the whys and wherefores of anything, use their own heads and carefully think over whether or not it corresponds to reality and is really well founded; on no account should they follow blindly and encourage slavishness.

共产党员对任何事情都要问一个为什么，都要经过自己头脑的周密思考，想一想它是否合乎实际，是否真有道理，绝对不应盲从，绝对不应提倡奴隶主义。

Further, he founded Mao Zedong Thought, which focuses on being practical and realistic, following the mass line and acting independently and with the initiative in ones own hands, initiated a new road, the countryside encircling the city, for the Chinese revolution, and comprehensively expounded the basic theories of the new democratic revolution, which clearly showed the correct way for the Chinese revolution and was the significant ideological guarantee for the success of Chinese revolution.

正是立足于广泛的调查研究基础上，毛泽东实现了并不断深化着马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际的结合和统一，创立了以实事求是、群众路线、独立自主为活的灵魂的毛泽东思想，开创了农村包围城市的革命新道路，全面论述了新民主主义革命的基本理论，为中国革命的成功指明了方向，成为中国革命胜利的重要思想保证。

This article tinselly explains the connotation of commercial bank" s system, describes Marxian and the new system economics, puts forwards the definition essential function and target of the commercial bank" s system on the theory Of the system and its vicissitude; Secondly, summarizes of historic analysis puts forwards the features of both system and theory for the three period in the historic vicissitude, and the instructive node of vicesitudesystem of the theory of it synthetic bank system" s vicissitude with the force of market and nation;Thirdly, illustrates the identity and difference of the commercial bank" s system through the horizontal analysis for its system; Finally , according to china" s reality , analyses the processes of the Chinese commercial bank" s system , the synthetic tendency of the vicissitude of realistic bank" s system and the reason for synthesis , puts forwards it synthetic mode of the Chinese commercial bank"s system and the specific request and content of the creation of commercial bank" s system , providing the reference for the reform of the Chinese commercial bank" s system.

本文首先阐述了商业银行制度的内涵，描述了马克思主义理论及新制度经济学关于制度及制度变迁的理论论述。提出了商业银行制度的定义、构成、基本功能与目标。其次，用历史的分析方法对商业银行制度进行了总结，论述了商业银行制度历史变迁中三个阶段的制度特征及理论特征，提出了由市场力量和国家力量共同主导下的综合银行制度变迁的理论特征及引导性制度变迁模式。再次对商业银行制度做了横向的比较分析，论述了商业银行制度的趋同性和差异性。最后根据中国的实际情况，分析了中国商业银行制度的历史变迁过程和现实银行制度变迁的综合化趋向及动因，提出了中国商业银行制度综合化的模式及商业银行制度的具体要求和内容，为中国的商业银行制度改革提供参考。

With regard to the reforming of the teaching contents,we should unwaveringly keep to the basic principles of Marxist political economics, be highly attentive to the integraton of theory and practice,and adopt a critical attitude when borrowing and assimilating elements of Western economical theories.

改革教学内容，坚持马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理，重视理论联系实际的环节，对西方经济学理论采取应借鉴和吸收的态度。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。