实证论的

In addition to expounding "the possibility of realizing Tathagatagarbha," in his article, Tsai also explored the definition of "being" in ontology of Western philosophy, which has been studied for more than two thousand years, explained that Buddha defined "being" in The Agama Sutras with the method of personal realization, and discussed the differences between both definitions.

於是，本会会员蔡礼政先生曾以〈《阿含经》对存有的定义〉一文(注：请见本学报，页23-48；英文版，页209-240)，举证《阿含经》中确实有经文明确表达有如来藏常住而且可以实证的圣教；除了论证「实证如来藏是确实可能的」之外，并且探讨西方哲学二千余年来对於存有论中Being的定义，在《阿含经》中释迦牟尼佛是采用实证的方法加以定义，同时论述其中的种种差别。

Theexpected utility theory based on the axioms isalso very important in modern decision-making theory.Form late fifties lastcentury,some scientists ahead by Allais and Edwards,try to check the facticity ofthe rational decision-making models applied to the real decision-making behavior,but find it unsatisfactory.For example,Allais Paradox and Preference Circleschallenge the axioms critically.

从二十世纪五十年代后期开始，以Allais和Edwards为首的一批学者从心理学的角度参与了实际决策行为的研究，他们从实证的观点去考察理性决策模型在实际决策行为中的真实性，不断地发现这些模型在应用中表现出各种偏差，Allais悖论的设计和克星循环现象的发现对Von Neumann-Morgenstern理性行为公理提出了有力的挑战。

The writer, referring to the researchers' achievements in home and abroad,explains the mechanism why this phenomenon is existed in the eyes of Human CapitalTheory, Social Capital Theory, Screening Hypothesis Theory, Functionalist Theory,Conflict Perspective, and Exchange Interactionist Theory etc.

产生这种社会交换行为的机制，可以从人力资本、社会资本、筛选假设及功能论、冲突论和交换互动论等理论来解释，并得到中外研究者的实证。

We find that,(1) the regional market development influences CG——better institutional environment can improve CG and decrease the agency costs.(2) However, there is no influence for perquisite consumption, the reason for which is the existence of compensation regulation in our stated-owned corporate. The perquisite consumption remedies the low monetary reward and undertakes the recessive motivating effect. This is in accord with Li, Sun and Liu (2005) in which the managers' compensation contracts conform to the superior contracting theory.

经过实证检验我们发现：1、上市公司所处地区的市场化程度较高，那么公司的代理成本相对较低，从而证明了地区的市场化程度确实影响公司的治理结构，好的法律制度环境有利于上市公司治理结构的完善，降低公司的代理成本。2、地区市场化程度的高低对于上市公司经理人的在职消费没有显著的影响，这是因为我国国有企业薪酬管制的存在，在职消费作为低货币性报酬的补偿，承担着隐性激励的作用，这与李增泉、孙铮和刘凤委（working paper，2005）关于我国上市公司经理人的薪酬契约符合最优契约论的研究结论保持一致。

It is just the core function of the modern west philosophy and 19th century form the real diagnosis to discuss the philosophy, defer to the experience and the logical frame which Galileo establishes to the scientific rationality to carry on the philosophy stratification plane the proof.

稍后形成的近代西方哲学和19世纪后半期形成的实证论哲学，其核心任务之一就是按照伽利略所设定的经验和逻辑的框架来对科学合理性进行哲学层面的论证。

But overall, it is insufficient to exist flowingly: First, more application western relevant theory of economics is it state the fair and efficiency issue of China to come, introducing three western fair and efficiency view " efficiency comes first theory "," fair preferential theory " and " the fair and efficiency replace the theory " mainly, it is not enough to theoretical research about the fair and efficiency relation of Marxism; Second, the theory circle studies this question from standardizing the economics angle mainly, adopt and standardize the analytical method, the positive research is relatively insufficient.

但就总体而言，还存在以下不足：一是较多的运用西方经济学的有关理论来说明我国的公平与效率问题，主要引入西方的三种公平效率观&效率优先论&、&公平优先论&以及&公平效率交替论&，对马克思丰义关于公平与效率关系的理论研究不够；二是理论界主要从规范经济学角度研究这一问题，采用规范分析方法，实证研究相对不足。

But overall, it is insufficient to exist flowingly: First, more application western relevant theory of economics is it state the fair and efficiency issue of China to come, introducing three western fair and efficiency view " efficiency comes first theory "," fair preferential theory " and " the fair and efficiency replace the theory " mainly, it is not enoug

但就总体而言，还存在以下不足：一是较多的运用西方经济学的有关理论来说明我国的公平与效率问题，主要引入西方的三种公平效率观&效率优先论&、&公平优先论&以及&公平效率交替论&，对马克思丰义关于公平与效率关系的理论研究不够；二是理论界主要从规范经济学角度研究这一问题，采用规范分析方法，实证研究相对不足。

This article in the review related economy long-term growth leadership a motive academic argument foundation, uses the real diagnosis analysis the method, mutually relates from the productivity and the productive relations the angle embarked, proves the technical innovation and system vicissitude in the near modern world economics growth course dialectical interaction relations, Points out that kind lays undue stress on technical innovation or system vicissitude unilaterally decision significance which grows to the economy, and excessively intertwines to two what not only to be easy for the historical initial beginning academic argument to fall into the circulation paradox logic harms the area, moreover to solves the problem which in the current our country social economy development meets also does not have the benefit.

摘 要：本文在回顾有关经济长期增长主导动因的学术争论的基础上，采用实证分析的方法，从生产力与生产关系相互关系的角度出发，论证了技术创新与制度变迁在近现代世界经济增长历程中的辨证互动关系，指出那种片面强调技术创新或者制度变迁对经济增长的单方面决定意义，并过分纠结于两者何为历史最初起点的学术争论不仅容易陷入循环悖论的逻辑误区，而且对解决当前我国社会经济发展中遇到的问题也无所裨益。

The germ of the internal conflict of methodology of social science,which is the conflict between Methodology of understanding and Methodology of positiveness,between Methodological individualism and Methodological wholism,is the unilateral social philosophy,namely,"Theory of peculiarity" and "Theory of social similarity",Social Nominalism and Social Realism.

社会科学方法论内在冲突(即理解方法论和实证方法论、方法论个人主义和方法论整体主义之间的冲突)产生的根源是片面的社会哲学，即&社会独特论&和&社会类似论&、社会唯名论和社会唯实论。

Like many other aspects of NLP, the basic NLP Presuppositions have been synthesized from many different fields: general semantics, transformational grammar, systems theory, cybernetics, pragmatism, phenomenology, and logical positivism.

就像NLP的其它方面一样，NLP的基本前提假设也是对很多领域的综合提取：通用语义学、转换语法、系统理论、控制论、实用主义、现象学以及逻辑实证论。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。