实证论的

For the inconsistency and paradox between the traditional accounting result of the contribution ratio of export to economic growth and the positive conclusion of the contribution made by export to economic growth, this paper considers that the main reason for this paradox is that, when the contribution ratio to GDP of consumption, investment and export is measured by traditional method, the different effects of import in the gross accounting of GDP and the decomposing calculation of contribution ratio is confounded, then, the principle of matching decomposition of import item in consumption, investment and export is disobeyed, so the real contribution of export to China's economic growth is greatly underestimated.

针对出口对经济增长贡献率的传统测算结果与出口对经济增长实证结论之间的矛盾和悖论，本文认为造成这一悖论的主要原因是传统测算方法在考量消费、投资和出口对GDP的贡献时混淆了进口在GDP总量核算和贡献率分解核算中的不同作用，违背了贡献率核算中的进口项在消费、投资和出口中的匹配分解原则，从而大大低估了出口对中国经济增长的真实贡献。

Critics of memetics argue that it is lacking in empirical support or is conceptually ill-founded, and question whether there is hope for the memetic research program succeeding.

批评模因论的人认为，模因论缺乏实证的支持或在概念上缺乏依据，并怀疑模因论研究项目是否有希望获得成功。

Scientific interpretation is influenceed by the concept of logical positivism.

逻辑实证论的概念对于人们进行科学判断很有影响。

Logical positivism would therefore seem to say of itself that it is false or meaningless; it would be seem to be, to use a currently fashionable phrase,"self-referentially incoherent."

逻辑实证论因此似乎说它自己或者无意义或者假；似乎，用当前流行的表达，是"自指不一致的"。

He wanted a temporal power of industrialists united with a spiritual power of intellectuals underthe pontificate of Comte.

这是中世纪社会的余影：管理者对应于封建君主，实证论知识分子对应于牧师。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

Specially, the author hopes to find whether the financial system development promotes the provincial per capita, the accumulation of provincial savings, the formation of provincial capital, the advancing of productivity, the bettering of industrial structure and the shaping of firms. Finally, according to the result of the empirical study, the author brings forward the Contradiction of Chinese Financial System Development during transition period. To explain the Contradiction, the author puts forward a hypothesis: time consistency and institution coupling of the optimal system arrangements. Within the hypothesis framework, the author analyses and explains the contradiction's essential, and seeks the reason of Chinese financial system development's path formation during transition period. After judging the efficiency of Chinese financial system development prudentially, the author gives his advices on how to drive Chinese financial system to the"Growth-Enhancing Financial System Development"path. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. It consists of as follows: Part I includes foreword and Chapter One"the review of financial development theory and literature". In foreword, the author expounds the fundamental definition and basic theory. In Chapter One, the author first analyses the"finance-growth"nexus in theory, and which constitutes the foundation of the concrete mechanism of finance affecting growth.

首先对金融发展与经济增长的关系在理论上进行了梳理，指出金融发展能够促进经济增长，金融是现代经济增长的"第一推动力"；其次将这种理论关系分解，借助当前本领域的最新研究方法和工具从宏观和微观层面验证转轨时期中国各地区金融发展与经济增长传导机制的效果，即金融体系的发展是否有效地促进了各地区人均产值的增加、储蓄的积累、资本的形成、生产力的提高、产业结构的调整以及企业的成长；最后在实证检验的基础上提出"中国金融发展悖论"，并在"最优制度安排的动态一致性与制度耦合"假说的框架内来分析中国金融发展悖论的真实内涵以及中国金融发展路径形成的原因，审慎评价转轨时期中国金融体系的发展效率，初步探讨了中国金融体系走向"推动经济增长"金融发展道路，指出实现金融对现代经济的"第一推动力"作用所应努力的方向。

The extreme positivistic view, enunciated by Vaihinger, is that we can only say that phenomena occur as if certain laws held.

由法伊欣格提出的这种绝对实证论的观点认为，我们只能说，某种现象的出现似乎是受某种法则制约的。

They include Positivists" system, Popper"s system, Mertons system.

其中有：逻辑实证论的认知规范系统：波普尔的认知规范系统；作为广义认知规范系统的默顿规范。

This article also explores the advancements of the methodologies used in bank merger studies and conc...

本文还对银行并购实证研究的方及分析工具的演变进行了探索，指出尽管实证研究表明银行并购并未带来显著的绩效方面的收益，但银行业并购一直没有减弱，对这一&并购悖论&的解释、增强实证研究的说服力和理论扩展是银行并购研究深化的方向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。