实用寿命

The socket structure is provided with a zero phase trigger control unit, through the photoelectric sensing element of the unit, optical coupling can be performed to generate zero phase trigger, and the opening or the closing of a two-way thyratron in the zero phase can be accurately controlled, therefore, an electric device inserted on an output socket can be started or stopped from the zero phase, in order to reduce the electromagnetic interference and prolong the service life of the electric device, the use efficiency of the electric device can be enhanced, the power supply thereof can be saved, filtering and rectifying can be performed through a current switching unit when the alternating current power supply passes through a filtering and rectifying circuit, the noise caused by external interference and affect can be filtered, and the power supply can be respectively transmitted to a current detecting socket and the input end of the current switching unit to be detected through a temperature sensor arranged on the current switching unit.

本实用新型为有关一种插座结构，尤指为设有零相位触发控制单元，可通过其光电感测元件来进行光耦合而产生零相位的触发，且可准确控制双向闸流阀在零相位的开启或者关闭，进而达到插置于输出插座上的电器装置从零相位开始启动或者关闭，以降低电磁干扰而延长电器装置使用寿命，且可提升电器装置的使用效率及节省电源，并通过电流转换单元于交流电源通过滤波整流电路进行滤波整流，可滤除外部所干扰影响的杂讯，并分别传送至电流侦测插座及电流转换单元的输入端，而可通过电流转换单元所设置的温度感应器来进行侦测，于电路温度升高时，温度感应器可进行切断双向闸流阀的电源输出而达到保护输出插座上所插设的电器设备。

While analyzing the crackie of the ball mill, in order to forecast the expansion speed of the crackle and the surplus life-span of the ball mill tube, some relevant theory of fracture mechanics was combined with finite element analysis for the first time, this is a better way with practical innovation.

在分析球磨机裂纹时，首次将有限元分析的结果与断裂力学中相关理论结合起来，对球磨机筒体进行了裂纹扩展速度预测和剩余寿命预测，具有一定的实用创新性。

The mechanical autofrettage of thick-walled cylinders is a sort of practical and valuable technique used to enhan...

厚壁圆筒机械自紧技术是一项有实用价值的工艺技术，它可提高厚壁圆筒的弹性强度和疲劳寿命。

The mechanical autofrettage of thick-walled cylinders is a sort of practical and valuable technique used to enhance its elastic strength of thick-walled tube and increase its fatigue life.

厚壁圆筒机械自紧技术是一项有实用价值的工艺技术，它可提高厚壁圆筒的弹性强度和疲劳寿命。

Contactless IC card, as the pass certification in No Stop Electronic Toll Collection System, contain many merits such as convenience, tune-saved, durableness, non-pollution, and that the users important data information is stored inside, which play a important part in No Stop Electronic Toll Collection System, so the research of reliable practical contactless IC card system has become a important part in the research of No Stop Electronic Toll Collection System.

非接触IC卡作为不停车收费系统的通行券，具有方便快捷、寿命长、无污染等优点，内部存储着用户的重要数据信息，在高速公路不停车收费系统中扮演着重要的角色，所以研究安全、可靠、实用的非接触IC卡系统，也就成为整个不停车收费系统中研发的一项重要内容。

Firstly, by analyzing existing models of predicting concrete carbonation and its influencing factors, a practical model of predicting the depth of carbonated concrete is proposed in this thesis, which takes the compressive strength of concrete as the main parameter and considers influence of temperature and moisture of environment, construction factors, stress condition and density of CO2 in the environment, and plenty of spot-data has been used to verify the model; By means of regression analysis of the spot-data, the calculating model of uncarbonated remainder is formulated; Considering the randomness of concrete carbonation, the paper put forward a probability analysis method of concrete carbonation span-life.

首先，论文在分析已有混凝土碳化预测模型与影响因素的基础上，建立了以混凝土抗压强度为参数，考虑环境温湿度，施工因素，应力状态及环境CO_2浓度影响的混凝土碳化深度实用模型，并利用大量工程实测数据对模型进行了验证；通过对实际工程检测数据的回归分析，给出了碳化残量的计算公式；考虑到混凝土碳化的随机性，提出了混凝土碳化寿命的概率分析方法。

The area is small to the highest ( conversion efficiency 13 - 15%, some have achieved more than 20%) of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell conversion efficiency, and output power is big, and stability is good, grows ( generally can reach more than 20 years ) service life, but the raw and processed material cost height, the weak light specific property is wronger, and production technology is complicated, hence the selling price is also higher; The polycrystalline silicon solar energy cell is basic identical with the function characteristic of monocrystalline silicon solar energy cell; The conversion efficiency of non- brilliant silicon solar cell than hangs down ( simples about 6 - 8%), the area is than greatly, but because of his raw and processed material cost than hanging down, can be easy to big area industrialize production, what will have hope to be used the generally big area to generate electricity from now on most will be this kind of application that battery is along with manufacture technique and new material, in a single day the practical package photoelectricity conversion efficiency of its big area achieves more than the 10-15%, and the price of every tile electric power-generating equipment is fallen 1 - 2 U.S.dollar of time, and just is enough to that the solar energy cell efficiency that big area the getting extensive use will constantly replace in now convention certainly special use and the laboratory of sources of energy s will high get many.

单晶硅太阳能电池转换效率最高（转换效率13～15%，有的已达到20%以上），面积小，输出功率大，稳定性好，使用寿命长(一般可达20年以上)，但原材料成本较高，弱光特性较差，生产工艺复杂，故售价也较高；多晶硅太阳能电池与单晶硅太阳能电池的性能特点基本相同；非晶硅太阳能电池的转换效率较低（约6～8%左右），面积较大，但因其原材料成本较低，可便于大面积工业化生产，今后最有希望用于一般大面积发电的将是这种电池。随着制造技术和新材料的应用，一旦它的大面积实用组件光电转换效率达到10-15%以上，每瓦发电设备的价格降到1～2美元时，便足以大面积得到广泛应用并将不断取代现在常规能源。当然特殊用途和实验室中的太阳能电池效率要高得多。

The results show that the fatigue life of the peened joint is 20～30 times as long as the as-welded joints .Therefore,the improvement of the fatigue strength of welded joints by ultrasonic peening is remarkable.

试验结果表明：超声冲击方法对焊接接头疲劳强度的改善效果十分明显，能够提高疲劳寿命20～30倍以上，极具实用价值。

Dust cover, practical and fashionable , Prolong the using time of steel rope and chain.

防尘罩装置，美观实用，延长钢丝绳及链条的使用寿命

1800 Mm-1500 3000 mm ball mill, was namedú·, while Shandong Province has been approved for use in quality and Technical Supervision mark (superscript U Lu Zi No. No. 89575); jaw crusher overload clutch protection device by Country Patent for utility model patents (Patent No.: 89216120.5); JC56 jaw crusher was gold country scientific and technological progress±Authority (Certificate No.: J9044102); PYX-900 spring-cone machine has been fine gold in Shandong Province as the Industrial Development Bureau of Science and Technology progress second prize (Item No.:93-0038); JC4060 jaw crusher has been gold in Shandong Province, Shandong Province as the Industrial Development Bureau of the outcome of the first prize of scientific and technological progress (Item No.:93-0011); with the Beijing Non-ferrous Metallurgy Research total Institute jointly developed JC1575 jaw crusher, in 2003 through the provincial-level new product identification, the aircraft without the use of foreign technology friction broken, broken than large, high production efficiency, low energy consumption and long life jaw plate, fine granularity, cone crusher and ordinary compared to 40 percent savings in investment, with the jaw crusher enhance yield compared to 20-50%. The "through train" service, the user no worries. Technical talents, in the same industry took the lead in the implementation of process design, manufacture, installation, commissioning, technical training, production "one-stop turnkey" service. The company has design institute, under the mechanical design department and the Department of Mineral Processing Design by senior engineers, capable technical staff composed of personnel and after-sales service after-sales service team of professionals, nationwide, service mine. Zhaoyuan Gold Machinery Plant Co., Ltd.

900×1800㎜—φ1500×3000㎜球磨机，被评为省优产品，同时被山东省技术监督局批准使用优质产品标志（鲁标优字第89575号）；颚式破碎机过载离合保护装置获国家专利局实用新型专利（专利号：89216120.5）；JC56颚式破碎机获国家黄金管理局科技进步四等奖（证书号：J9044102）；PYX—900弹簧圆锥细碎机被山东省黄金工业局评为科技进步成果二等奖（项目编号：93—0038）；JC4060颚式破碎机被山东省黄金工业局评为山东省科技进步成果一等奖（项目编号：93—0011）；与北京有色冶金研究总院联合研制的JC1575颚式破碎机， 2003年通过省级新产品鉴定，该机采用国外无磨擦破碎技术，破碎比大、生产效率高、能耗低、颚板寿命长、产品粒度细，与普通圆锥破碎机相比节省投资40%，与颚式破碎机相比提高产量20—50%。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。