实用主义的

In the concluding remark,beginning with the analysis of the positive and negativeeffect of the party politics in western Europe,the author concludes that the essenceof the European Democratic Socialism and its models is that the Social Democratsstruggle for their political domination according to the pragmatic principle.

结语部分从分析西欧多党政治的正负效应入手，剖析了欧洲民主社会主义及其诸模式的精神实质乃是社会民主党人出于实用主义的考虑，根据各自的国情特点，为自己争取政治统治权的一种特定方式，其根本的存在意义在于充当了一定阶层的公民同政府之间的媒介，缓解和调节社会矛盾，为工人阶级及其它中下层群众参与国家政治生活提供合法渠道，部分地实现公平和正义的社会目标。

Rooted in Chinese modernization practice, deriving from Chinese traditional values, drawing the reasonable thoughts of pragmatism, developing the usefulness and discarding the uselessness of the value concept of the western market economy, Collectivism values under socialist market system is the perfect integration and high unity of individual and group、the interest of individual and collective, can be interpreted as follows: relation between individual and collective interest is the nucleus, mutual interests is the premise, impartiality and justice is the lever, utilitarian principle is the motive power, dedicatative spirit is the direction, competition and practice is the means, common prosperity is the realistic pursuit, Communism is the goal. It is no doubt that collectivism will play an important role in Socialist modernization construction, stimulate Chinese creative enthusiasm, enrich social material and spiritual wealth, stride to the boundary ideal society of"The United Body of Free Man".

植根于社会主义现代化实践，渊源于中国的传统文化、汲取了实用主义的合理思想，扬弃了西方市场经济的价值观念，以个人与集体利益关系为轴心，以互利互惠为前提，以公平和公正为杠杆，以功利原则为动力，以奉献精神为导向，以竞争务实为实现手段，以共同富裕为现实追求，以共产主义为价值指归，实现了个体与群体、个人利益与集体利益的完满结合和高度统一的社会主义市场经济条件下的集体主义价值观，必将对我国社会主义现代化建设发挥重要的价值导向作用，必将以其特有的功能激发起人们的创造热情，丰富社会的物质和精神财富，以最终向着"自由人联合体"的理想社会境界迈进。

Subject to the struggle history between the Preservationist and the Utilitarian in the American National Park Movement and the managerial thoughts of different directors of the National Park Service, this paper explicated the American National Park System in details, from which the firm protection theory and the profound social background for the administrative system of American National Park are demonstrated.

以美国国家公园运动中的保护和实用主义的斗争为主线，以国家公园管理局领军人物的更迭及其管理思想的变迁为附线，详述了美国国家公园系统从诞生、发展到成熟的演进全过程，从中可见美国国家公园的坚定保护理念和美国国家公园政府管理体制形成的深刻社会背景和历史发展脉络。

The unique trait of the japonica——pragmatism thought, plays an important role in the course of assimilating different cultures, and influences the evolution of Japanese culture greatly. Regarding the Japanese basic cultures as the reference system, such as the emperor of Japan, Shintoism and so on; taking"usefulness"as a cultural value judgement and decision criteria; distorting foreign cultures by its own value standards.

在吸收异质文化的过程中，日本民族特有的实用主义的思维特征贯穿始终，并且在质的方面影响着日本文化的演进，以"有用性"作为文化价值判断与取舍的标准，以天皇制、神道教等日本基础文化作为参照系，以日本民族自己的价值取向使之变异。

Working in a small, creative team and efficient way, we see the design as an unique process, more than personal stylize opus, we hope the works we did can provide solutions based on critical thinking, and can responds contemporary social conditions honestly and pragmatically in contemporary art and knowledge realm, maintain an interaction between the design and the operation of the construction capital and a profitable and trusting collaboration with our clients.

工作室以小规模，充满创造性的团队方式进行工作，我们将设计视作一种独特的过程，与风格化的作品不同，我们希望这些作品能够提出具有独立思考精神的解决方案，在当代艺术与知识领域以诚实和实用主义的态度对社会状况作出响应，在设计与建设资本的运作上维持一种积极的互动，并与我们的客户建立互信的合作关系。

The article summarizied the following items,those are juggle with concepts, the errors of the major premise , the testimony of ontology, the Hegelistic academic concept, the revised empiricism , the terrific resemblance , the uncalculated sopyistry and the concept of pracmatical truth,etc.

本文梳理了当代学术中常见的八种逻辑硬伤，即"偷换概念"的"能指游戏"；大前提的错误；"本体论的证明"；"三段论"学术史观；变质的经验论；可怕的相似律；无法量化的诡辩；实用主义的真理观。

Chinese Pop Art in the early 90s, described as Living Pop art, has a clear signification and concept. The Gandy Art (from 1995 and later) however turned into a more formalist art. It lacks an avant-garde approach and has no references to daily life anymore. Also it has a Benthamistic and pragmatistic character: being more business oriented to the Western art market.

中国90年代的波普艺术统属于生活波普。90年代初的生活波普与后来的艳俗艺术有些差异性，前者的意指和观念都很明确，后者却是一种形式主义的东西，缺乏现实生活的参照系，有功利主义和实用主义的倾向。

However,we can find the limitations of the epistemology easily if weconsider it from the standpoint of Marxism:it emphasizes the validity ofantifoundationalism too much and has a unilateral understanding and use ofholism,it even parries and perverts the problem of truth,goes a wrong way todissolve the philosophy of science in the end.

但是，当我们站在马克思主义的立场来考察的时候，就会发现，新实用主义的科学认识论还存在诸多不尽人意的局限：它过于强调反基础主义的合法性，对整体论的运用和理解仍很片面，甚至回避和歪曲真理，走上了消解科学哲学的错误道路。

It includes the thoughts of elaborating Marxism from the Left deviationand by the Left view; the pragmatic attitude towards Marxism;the over-simplifiedand vulgarized attitude towards Marxism;the rigid and dogmatic attitude towardsMarxism;the revisionist Marxism, etc.

即从&左&的立场、&左&的观点来释义马克思主义；以实用主义的态度对待马克思主义；以简单化、庸俗化的态度对待马克思主义；以僵化的教条主义的态度对待马克思主义；修正主义的马克思主义等等。

To conclude, the dissertation explores the four characteristics of the peace ideas in ancient China: internationalism based upon the consciousness of cultural superiority, conciliationaliasm derived from the Doctrine of the mean, moralistism seeking for perfectionism, and introversion concerning self-guard.

归纳起来，中国古代以儒家为代表的和平理念有五个基本特征，即基于文化优势的世界主义精神、源于中庸之道的调和主义取向、追求至善的道德主义精神、以长城为象征的保守内倾性性格、基于实用主义的权变取向。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。