实在论的

In an attempt to go beyond Husserl's essentialist approach, his pupil Martin Heidegger posited an existential theory of hermeneutics in Being and Time.

为了超越胡塞尔的实在论性质的方法，他的学生海德格尔在他的《存在与时间》里提出了一种存在主义的解释理论。

Nevertheless, the skeptic could insist, that, for the externalist, self-knowledge does notcome for free as within the Cartesian framework. The problem of skepticism seems to recurrjust one level up. Yet, we can answer this problem straightforwardly. As soon as the skepticaccepts the justification of externalism on the basis of modal intuitions, he can no longer

但是，这个反对意见基于预设"内容实在论需要自我知识的感知理论（即一个大多数外在论者都放弃的主张'外在论和以 privileged and non-empirical的方式到达mental content是相容的'）"，而且，怀疑论者会坚持'对外在论者来说自我知识并不如笛卡儿式框架那样是自带的'。

Futures Studies conceptualized in 1940, from 1960 to 1970 went through the peak of development in Philosophy of Science. The main proponents of Philosophy of Science, such as Positivism, Postpositivism and Critical Realism deeply influenced the futurists' ideas of the time concept in Future Studies. The understanding of time in Philosophy of Science continues the linear time frame of modern physics. Future is happening after the present event. In the field of Futures Studies, people expect futurists to predict futures accurately. When futurists are predicting futures, and mapping possible futures, they employ Holism and Utopian thinking. Karl Propper opposed Historicism of trying to plan a blueprint for society.

中文摘要未来学萌芽於一九四○年代，从一九六○年到一九七○年未来学历经了科学哲学发展的巅峰时期，科学哲学的思想滋养了未来学家的思考，其中实证论、后实证论与批判实在论这三种论点影响了未来学家在时间概念上思考方向，科学哲学对时间概念的理解延续了现代物理时间观上线性式看待时间的方式，未来是当前事件必然发生的结果；在未来学的领域里，成功预测未来是大众对未来学者的期待，当未来学者在预测未来，进行未来规划时，思想中预含了整体主义与乌托邦式的思考，Propper从反对历史定论主义的思想来驳斥建立社会蓝图的可能。

In fact, scientific realism and social constructivism owned some common metaphysical grounds: they all derived from the seeking for the validity of knowledge and recognized the metaphysics of mind freedom; they all have some liability of presumption and fundamentalism; and they all go along from representationalism to practice, etc.

实际上，科学实在论与社会建构论具有一些共同的形而上学根基：他们都源于对知识的有效性的追求，都认可意志自由的形而上学；都有某种预设主义和本质主义的倾向；都从表象走向了实践，等等。

Yet at least part of his argument here (toward these foundationalist ends of correspondence and realism) hinges upon demonstrating the untenability of certain foundationalist notions (chiefly confrontation and scheme/content dualism).

但至少他这里的部分论证（——指向结束于实在论和符合论的基础主义者）取决于对特定基础主义者观点（——简单说就是confrontation 和 scheme/content二元论）的untenability的论证。

Mild realism defines fictional objects as a kind of abstract objects. And antirealism considers that fictional objects are nothing or none. This paper holds and proves that fictional objects are one kind of abstract objects produced by the"third world".

极端实在论者把虚构对象看作与抽象对象和实体对象具有同等地位的另一种具有客观存在的对象；温和实在论把虚构对象定义为抽象对象的一种；非实在论者完全否定虚构对象的存在，把虚构对象等同于空无和虚无。

Various schools of antirealism can be summarized as Kuhn thought mainly emphasizing the model function,Feyerabend's"anarchism"methodology, the Larry Laodan's instrumentalism and Van Frraasen's constructive empiricism and so on.

概括各种反科学实在论，主要有以强调范式作用的库恩思想、费耶阿本德的&无政府主义&方法论、劳丹的工具主义和范·弗拉森的建构经验论等。

It makes up the defects of symbolism and connectionism.It provides the simulation method for coordinate adaptive learning capability of the group behavior.It has important significance of epistemolog...

它弥补了人工智能的符号主义与联结主义的缺陷，提供了对群体行为的协调性自适应学习能力的模拟方法，对认知科学的发展具有重要的认识论与方法论意义，也为科学哲学中语境实在论思想提供了一个现实的案例支持。

From the criteria of absolute experience of logic positivism and critical rationalism to the comparative criteria of pragmatism and to the diminishing criteria of anarchism and post-modern philosophy,the division criteria is becoming increasingly obscure,while now the science practicalism,by shouldering the banner of science division,establishes ...

从逻辑实证主义、批判理性主义的绝对经验标准，经实用主义的相对标准，到无政府主义和后现代哲学的消解标准，划界标准越来越模糊。而科学实在论又扛起科学划界的大旗，建立了多元标准。

Realism of the kind I am presupposing thus seems dif fi cult to hold in focus, and any philosophical theory that depends upon it will also seem to rest on something systematically elusive.24 My response to such misgivings, however, is unconcessive: the limits of our minds are just not the limits of reality.

因而，我所预示的这种实在论难以被集中关注，任何依赖于它的哲学理论也都似乎依赖一些系统地难懂的东西。[24]然而，我对这些担忧的回答是'不妥协'：我们心灵的界限不是实在的界限。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了