实在论

In the aspect of the Philosophy of Language, Montague Grammar inherited Frege's theory of meaning, Russell's theory of reference, Carnap's theory of verification, Goodman's Modern Realism, Tarski's theory of truth, Kripke's semantics of possible worlds of modal logic, etc, and opens up a new direction in the study of Formal Semantics of natural language; in the aspect of Theoretic Linguistics, Montague was influenced by Chomsky's research idea about the formal treatment of the syntax in natural language and extended it to the semantic study of natural language; Montague Grammar has two theoretic sources: One is the Logical Semantics and Intensional Type Theory in Logic, and the other is Categorial Grammar and Transformative Generative Grammar in Linguistics.

在语言哲学方面它继承了弗雷格的意义论，罗素的指称论，卡尔纳曾的实证主义，古德曼的现代实在论，塔斯基的语义学真理论，克里普克的模态逻辑可能世界语义学的传统，开辟了自然语言形式语义学研究的新方向；在理论语言学方面，他受乔姆斯基形式化语言研究思想的影响，并把这一思想扩展到自然语言的语义研究方面；蒙太格语法的理论来源有两个方面：逻辑方面是逻辑语义学思想和内涵类型论理论，语言学方面是范畴语法和转换生成语法。

The author discusses the essence of traditional problem of intentionality and how it was transformed into the theory of mental content under the influence of nature science and social science, then analyses the different attitudes towards mental content among intentional realism, eliminative materialism and instrumentalism, finally, gives rise to main problems the theory of mental content concerns about, including the subject of intentionality, relation property of mental content, the naturalization and causality of mental content.

在此，笔者首先介绍了传统意向性问题的内涵及其如何在自然科学、社会科学的影响下转变为心理内容理论的问题，随后分析了意向实在论与取消论、工具主义对心理内容的不同态度，进而引出了心理内容理论所关注的主要问题，即意向性的主体、心理内容的关系性质、心理内容的自然化以及因果性等问题。

It makes up the defects of symbolism and connectionism.It provides the simulation method for coordinate adaptive learning capability of the group behavior.It has important significance of epistemolog...

它弥补了人工智能的符号主义与联结主义的缺陷，提供了对群体行为的协调性自适应学习能力的模拟方法，对认知科学的发展具有重要的认识论与方法论意义，也为科学哲学中语境实在论思想提供了一个现实的案例支持。

Gombrich's theoretical contributions, which range over a variety of fields including psychology of art, art vision recognition, the logic of art history, the theory of the changing of style and the theory of value of art, are based on the grounds of the scientific philosophy and methodology of Popper, which consist of Falsificationism, the method of trial and error, epistemology, the criticism of historism, the three worlds theory and realism.

贡布里希的理论成就在于艺术理论诸领域，其中包括艺术心理学、艺术视觉认知、艺术史逻辑、风格变迁理论以及艺术价值理论，这些理论成就所对应的科学哲学和方法论基础，是波普尔的系列理论成果——证伪主义、试错法、认识论、历史主义批评、三个世界理论以及实在论。

Science progress is the hyle of science development, and this study makes for deepening the comprehension about scientific development further.

对科学进步问题的研究还提出了保卫实在论真理观的概念，如似真性和逼真性概念。

Insofar as it is possible to find a coherent line of argument in the writings of any anti-realist, it is hard to see why they, like the logical positivists, are not open to a charge of self-referential incoherency.

就其认为&不可能发现一种融贯的论证去给出反实在论&。很难说他们为什么不会陷入自指不一致，就如逻辑实证论者那样。

It also makes clear that indirect realism inevitably leads to the "veil of perception" problem. The dissertation then turns to the discussion of intentionalism and disjunctivism.

接下来探讨了当前最有影响的两种形式的直接实在论：知觉意向论和析取论。

Second, mordern science investigates Nature only through mathematical way, which make people take the mathematical nature for Nature itself. Third, its result is physicalistic objectivism was seen as the metaphysical foundation of natural science which has led to the riddle of cogni...

本文认为，胡塞尔的科学批判虽具有重要启发意义，但从科学和科学哲学的角度来看，他的批评在某些方面是不恰当的：①实证主义科学观固然不是健全的科学观，但现代科学自身却不是意义、价值等形而上学的领域；②尽管数学化的自然并不是自然本身，但数学化却是现代科学最有效、最可靠的方法；③胡塞尔反对任何实在论的自然观，但这种自然观是现代科学世界观的基础。

From the criteria of absolute experience of logic positivism and critical rationalism to the comparative criteria of pragmatism and to the diminishing criteria of anarchism and post-modern philosophy,the division criteria is becoming increasingly obscure,while now the science practicalism,by shouldering the banner of science division,establishes ...

从逻辑实证主义、批判理性主义的绝对经验标准，经实用主义的相对标准，到无政府主义和后现代哲学的消解标准，划界标准越来越模糊。而科学实在论又扛起科学划界的大旗，建立了多元标准。

Realism as I understand it is the view that predicational use of truth can be explained in terms of a relation of correspondence.

按照我的理解，实在论是这样一种观点，即认为真判断可以解释为与实在的符合关系。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了