实务

However , such provisions are of evidentiary value insofar as they bear upon questions of custom and practice

但是，此条款具有习惯与实务上无上的价值。

However,there are controversies on criteria of explicitness.

然而，在法律明确性的判断标准上，理论界与实务界缺乏共识。

World of practice but against the more difficult principle of good faith and fair dealing.

此字词 "通常"是比此字词"合理的"更为有用，其要求的一个评估并非是对付实务世界而是对付更多良好信誉及公平交易困难原则。

Students are encouraged to participate in class discussions and propose some feasible solution to solve IT problems.

本课程重视学生对於问题的思考训练，鼓励学员从实务的观点，提出一些可行的解决方案以及选择最佳方案的具体准则。

Chapter 1 is a preface to introduce the motives of this paper research methods scope restriction and frame Chapter 2 will fist introduce the concept of database and then discuss the necessity of database protection in the creating methods and with or without originality This chapter will put emphasis on the importance of originality to database Chapter 3 will observe the British America and Germany's viewpoint of originality to discuss their legislative mode of database legal protection Chapter will introduce EU Directive/96/9/EC of database protection and four judges of EU Court after the Directive takes effect in 2004 to find how the ECJ use the Directive Then according to the DG Internal Market and Service Working Pater and BEUC's evaluation of the Directive this paper will find whether there is positive reaction and influence in database market after EU member countries take the same legislations with the Directive Section 5 will introduce the legislation of British and Germany following the Directive and analyze the development and questions of the two countries' current legislation Chapter 5 will start with Americas case Feist v Jane Doe to understand the case's influence to American legal protection of databases and introduce the Parliament's proposal after the EU Directive Chapter 6 will introduce Japan legislation regarding legal protection of database works and discuss the goodness and badness through Japan academy and judicial viewpoint Chapter 7 will introduce Taiwan's legislation to find whether current law provides enough and adequate protection to databases and discuss whether there is a necessity of amendment At last this paper will try to provide some suggestions about our legislation Chapter 8 is the conclusion of this paper

第二章首先介绍资料库之概念，并以建置方式与是否具原创性区分方式探讨资料库法律保护之必要性，而因著眼原创性对於资料库法律保护之重要性，便於第三章以比较法独立观察英、美、德国对原创性之观点，以接续探讨三国对资料库所采取之立法途径。第四章部份介绍欧盟资料库保护指令之相关规定，并就指令公布后，欧盟法院於2004年接续作出四个关於资料库保护之判决加以介绍，以期寻求欧盟法院如何运用指令规范中之构成要件，而后并参考欧盟委员会工作小组及消费者组织报告对欧体资料库指令之评估文献，探究欧盟各国采取与指令相同立法后，在资料库市场上是否有正面的回应及影响，并於第五节针对英、德两国跟进欧盟资料库保护指令立法之介绍，并归纳、检讨英、德两国之现行法制之发展与所面临之问题。第五章延续第三章、第四章论述后，进入美国1991年Feist案后，美国法院对国内资料库保护之后续见解，探究1991年Feist案对美国资料库保护之影响程度，同时并述美国於欧体公布资料库指令后国会提出之资料库立法草案。第六章则针对日本新增资料库著作之立法模式加以介绍，并藉由日本学界、实务之见解探讨该立法模式之优缺点，再於第七章进入我国法制之介绍，以观察我国目前之法制是否提供资料库充分的保护，探讨资料库立法之必要性，最后尝试提出我国立法模式之建议。第八章则为总结之论述。

Finally, the researcher proposed several suggestions for practices and advanced studies in this field.

最后，研究者根据结果提出实务及后续研究的相关建议。

It is one of the most concerned topics in the theory and practice field.

加强和完善企业内部控制制度，已成为当前理论界和实务界最为关注的话题之一。

This study first analyzes boundary condition of single column member and adopts relative joint bending stiffness ratio of AISC to find the effective length factor. For that a structural joint or connection is neither full rigid nor full hinge in practice, this study uses this concept to establish the semi-rigid joint model. This study then discusses the structural behaviors of tapered members results with those from and compares these previous studies.

本文先对於单一柱构件之边界条件进行分析，采用AISC规范求取有效长度系数之G值控制梁柱相对劲度，同时考虑一般实务上结构接合并非完全刚性或完全铰接，模拟介於两者间之半刚性接合，藉由模拟结果进一步探讨非均匀构架之结构行为，并与前人之研究相关成果比较。

Before "Labor Contract Law" enacted, views for the liquidated damages of labor contract are different between the theory and practice communities sectors, national legislation and local legislation, reflected in the following three theories: freedom, restriction and forbiddance. Finally,"Labor Contract Law", which is started to implement on 1 January, 2008, supports the theory of restricting the liquidated damages of labor contract.

在《劳动合同法》颁布以前，理论界与实务界，国家立法与地方立法都存在着较大分歧，归纳而言主要体现为以下三种学说：任意劳动合同违约金说、禁止劳动合同违约金说及限制劳动合同违约金说。2008年1月1日开始施行的《劳动合同法》最终将落脚点立于限制说之上。

In order to promote the practice of forensic accounting, it is necessary to strengthen this field.

为了有效地促进法务会计实务地发展，有必要加强这一特殊会计领域的研究。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。