定量的

Firstly, based on literature review and qualitative surveys, the modified risk factors that affecting the effect of hypertension management in the underdeveloped rural area were identified, the specific questionnaire and SIPHF were developed, and the first cross-sectional study was conducted. Secondly, the surveyed population were then divided into intervention group and control group, and periodic health education and following up were conducted to the intervention group for six months; Thirdly, the second cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intervention by qualitative and quantitative survey, the indicators include the knowledge awareness rate and the right belief rate for hypertension control, and the behavior prevalence related to hypertension intervention, the disease burden, the life quality and clinical outcomes resulted from hypertension, the dynamic tendency of blood pressure and the patients\' satisfaction. And the factors related to the effect of hypertension management was evaluated; Finally, SWOT analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors affecting the intervention process and effect, based on the results of qualitative and quantitative surveys on the factors related to effect of the intervention, and to provide evidence-based suggestions for SIPHF improvement and policy-making in the underdeveloped rural area in China.

首先，在文献综述和定性调查的基础上，确认影响欠发达地区农村高血压患者管理效果的因素，设计调查问卷和高血压管理方案，并开展第一次横断面调查；其次，将调查乡镇分为试验组和对照组，对试验组患者开展健康教育和定期的随访管理，对照组患者则按常规工作对待；第三，实施规范化管理6个月后，采用定量调查和定性访谈等方式评价管理效果，通过第二次横断面调查，对试验组与对照组干预前后的危险因素变化情况及干预效果进行评估，评估内容包括患者的知识、信念和行为等与高血压防治有关的危险因素指标，及其产生的疾病负担、生活质量、临床指标、血压水平变化趋势、干预组满意度等结果指标，并分析影响高血压干预效果的因素；最后，采用SWOT分析，根据定性和定量调查结果分析该类地区今后全面开展该项工作所面临的内部和外部环境因素，并为欠发达地区农村高血压规范化管理方案完善及政策制定提供循证建议。

With the observation of the outward appearances, it can be known roughly that if the sample was added with adulterations. Since the beeswax dissolves in the benzene but the adulterations, such as gypsum, starch and so on do not, these can be determined. By the verification of acid value and alcohol dissolve ability, the acid or non acid added can be determined. By the change of saponification value, the ester or non ester added can be determined. By the carbonification degree in the concentrated sulphuric acid, the mineral wax, such as paraffin wax added can be determined.

通过样品外观的观察初步定性是否掺有杂质；利用纯蜂蜡在苯中溶解，而掺入的石膏、面粉和淀粉等杂质在苯中不溶而定量鉴定这类杂质；由酸值变化和乙醇溶解物的量，测定掺入的硬脂酸等酸性物质或其它的非酸性物质；由皂化值变化，定量测定掺入的动物脂等酯类物质或其它的非酯类物质；根据蜂蜡中的烃类在浓硫酸中可被炭化，加入的石蜡等矿物蜡不被炭化来测定此类掺杂物。

Two different fading procedures were studied. One is the oxidation procedure on polyester fibers,the other is the reduction procedure on wool fibers.The study of oxidation procedure mainly focused on 11 disperse azo dyes and 11 disperse anthraquinone dyes. The study of reduction procedure mainly focused on 7 pyrazolone coupled acid azo dyes and 10 azo disperse dyes which has sulfonic group on the couple component.

本论文研究了11支偶氮型分散染料，11支蒽醌型分散染料在聚酯纤维上的分子结构与光牢度的定量关系，同时研究了7支以吡唑啉酮为偶合组份的偶氮型酸性染料和10支偶合组份上带有磺酸基的偶氮型酸性染料在羊毛纤维上的分子结构与光牢度的定量关系。

Cells were immediately fixed and processed for immuno?uorescence and tested for translocation ofβ-catenin.β-catenin and target genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling COX-2, cyclinD1, c-fos, c-Jun mRNA expression were examined by RT-PCR. Saos-2 osteoblastic cells were co-transfected with a wild type or mutant Tcf luciferase reporter gene and Renilla luciferase plasmid. Posttransfection cells were subjected to 1 hour of 12% elongation.

作用1h、2h和4h后，用免疫荧光的方法检测β-catenin的表达和在细胞上定位的变化；用半定量RT-PCR检测β-catenin mRNA表达的变化；用质粒转染的方法检测荧光素酶报告基因Tcf转录的情况；用半定量RT-PCR检测Wnt/β-catenin通路下游基因COX-2，cyclinD1， c-fos， c-Jun mRNA表达的情况；用免疫共沉淀的方法检测β-catenin和E-Cadherin的结合情况。

Using multidiscipline approach to combine earthquakes with the corresponding seismotectonic belt, this paper discusses the recurrence behavior of continental strong earthquakes in areas with more than one potential seismic zone or fault zone, and proposes a Quasi-periodically Clustering Recurrence Model on the bases of statistics, test and analysis.

在过去的几十年中，从确定性预测到概率定量评估，活动断裂地震危险性研究取得了长足的进展，但在地震复发模式、断裂之间的相互作用及其对活动断裂地震危险性的影响、模型和参数的不确定性分析以及活动断裂定量研究资料的应用等方面还存在许多亟待完善和解决的问题，这些课题也是今后一个时期内活动断裂地震危险性研究的主要热点和发展方向。

Study the bioactivity of the n-HA/PA66 composite and the effects it would be to body's metabolism of calcium and phosphorus ion in vivo.(3) Study the osteo-conductivity and the ability to repair bone defect of the porous n-HA/PA66 composite and the feasibility use it as the scaffold of bone tissue engineering. Objects and Methods as follows: 1.To evaluate the biocompatability of nano-hydroxyapatite crystals and polyamide composite (n-HA/PA66) with the L929 cells.To proceed the morphological observation and take pictures of L929 cells after 1d,2d,4d,and 7d of co-cultured with extract of n-HA/PA66 ,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.To determine light absorbtion value of every hole under 500 nm with enzyme linked immunity instrument after 1 d,2 d,4 d,and 7 d of contact of n-HA/PA66 extract with L929 cells,and direct contact with n-HA/PA66.In the meanwhile calculate the relative multiplication rate of cells,and evaluate them by six degree tests for cytotoxicity. To investigate the acute and chronic toxic reaction on the whole body induced by the new nano-hydroapatite crystals and polyamide composite(n-HA/PA66)after implanting in vivo and its effects on partial constitution of animal organs after implanting in vivo,and evaluate the potential and degree of subcuticular stimulation reaction.

本实验主要由以下三部分组成：一、n-HA/PA66 复合材料在动物体内、体外的生物相容性及生物安全性评价二、n-HA/PA66 复合材料植入动物体内的生物活性及近期对机体钙、磷代谢影响的实验研究三、网孔 n-HA/PA66 复合材料作为支架修复兔桡骨节段缺损的动物实验研究主要研究目标及方法如下：参照 GB/T16886.5-1997-ISO 10993-5：1992《医疗器械生物学评价细胞毒性试验体外法》之评价标准和要求，采用规定的 L929 细胞(小鼠结缔组织成纤维细胞)，分别经直接接触和材料浸提液与细胞共培养等方式对 n-HA/PA66 复合材料进行细胞毒性测试，采用细胞形态观察法观察两种细胞各组在 24h、48h、72h、5 天后各时相点的细胞形态学变化，并在显微镜下照相，从而对细胞与材料的生物相容性进行定性评价；同时采用细胞生长抑制法，以酶标仪定量测定评价各组 1，2，4，7 天 L929 细胞的相对增殖率，以定量测定并判别材料对细胞的毒性程度。

The logarithm difference values of partition coefficients of the compounds in butyl ether/water and in cyclohexane/water system were used for the measurement of the Lewis acidity, while the logarithm difference values of partition coefficients in trichloromethane/water and in tetrachloromethane/water system were used for the measurement of the Lewis basicity, and they were used successfully to differentiate the relative strength of Lewis acidity and basicity for 59 benzene and its derivates.

以化合物在正丁醚/水和环己烷/水溶剂体系中分配系数的对数差作为酸性指数，以其在氯仿/水和四氯化碳/水溶剂体系分配系数的对数差作为碱性指数，提出了一种新的度量有机物Lewis酸碱性的方法，按此方法成功地区分了59种苯系物Lewis酸碱性的相对强弱；并成功地将上述酸碱性指数引入定量结构—性质/活性相关研究之中，探讨了苯系物的正辛醇/水分配系数、水溶解度和土壤有机碳吸附系数等常见理化性质与其Lewis酸碱性间的相关性并建立了相应的定量模型，发现它们之间存在良好的相关性。

Accomplishments with this old type of development were mostly measured at the nation, aggregate level in terms of economic growth. A rising new paradigm led to more stress being placed upon achieving greater equality in socio-economic benefits of development, upon the social as well as the economic dimensions of development, and to other fundamental changes in development (such as strewing decentralized participation).

在中国大陆第一次采用比较严格的定量研究方法对中国乡村地区的大众传播各个环节进行了比较系统的调查分析，获得了大量的实证资料，在国际传播学研究，填补了有关中国研究这一重要部分的空白； 3）运用定量与定性研究相结合的方法，对一些传播及发展传播的理论问题进行了比较深入的研究，获得了一些新的发展，有利于传播学这门学科在我国的深入和推广。

METHODS: Spleen cells of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h in the coculture system were observed and the expression of RNA editase was detected by semiquantitative PCR and was contrasted with the mouse spleen cells in a singleculture system. The mouse model with the immune system restrained by FK506 was made, its spleen cells were cocultured with stimulated cells and then the effect of FK506 on RNA expression of editase was detected by semiquantitative PCR.

观察共培养1，2，4，6，8，10，12，16，20及24 h的小鼠脾细胞，用半定量PCR的方法检测RNA编辑酶表达的变化，并以相同时段单独培养的小鼠脾细胞RNA编辑酶的表达情况进行对照；制备免疫功能受FK506抑制的小鼠模型，取其脾细胞与刺激细胞进行相同时段的共培养，用半定量PCR的方法检测FK506对脾细胞RNA编辑酶的影响。

An equal cross-section blade was investigated and a finite element model was built parametrically. Geometrical parameters (such as length, width and thickness), material parameters (such as young's modulus and density) and speed of blade were considered as input random variables while the static frequencies and dynamic frequencies were output random variables. Combining the finite element method, response surface method and Monte Carlo method, the statistical properties and cumulative distribution functions of static frequencies and dynamic frequencies were obtained. Probability sensitivities analysis, which combined the slope of the gradient and the width of the scatter range of the random input variables, was applied to quantitatively evaluate the sensitivities of static frequencies and dynamic frequencies with respect to the random variables. The Scatter plots of structural responses with respect to the random input variables were illustrated how to adjust the values of the static frequencies and dynamic frequencies by changing input random variables.

文中以某试验台用汽轮机等直叶片为研究对象，考虑几何参数、材料参数和转速的随机性，通过有限元参数化建模，将确定性有限元方法、响应面方法和Monte-Carlo模拟法相结合，从而获得了叶片静频、动频的统计特性和累积分布函数；同时考虑随机变量的梯度和离散范围对静、动频的影响，通过概率敏感性分析，定量地判断出叶片静、动频对随机输入变量的敏感性；通过绘制叶片静、动频与输入变量的散点图，定量地分析了如何改变随机变量以调整静、动频率的方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。