定理

Main work follows:(1) In the first part of this paper, a historical development of the number theory before Gauss is reviewed.Based on the systematic analysis of Gauss"s work in science and mathematics, inquiry into the mathematical background that Disquisitiones Arithmeticae appeals and Gauss"s congruent theory;(2) The development process of Fermat"s little theorem and its important function in the compositeness test is elaborated through original literature.we think that the first three section of Disquisitiones Arithmeticae is a summary and development for ancestors" work about Fermat"s little theorem,show that Fermat"s little theorem played an important role in the elementary number theory;(3) With the two main sources of the quadratic reciprocity law, investigating Fermat,Euler,Lagrange,Legendre, until the related work of Gauss,the way to realize the laws huge push to the development of algebraic number theory in 19 centuries.

本文主要做了以下工作：(1)首先回顾了高斯之前的数论研究状况，在系统分析高斯的科学与数学成就的基础上，探讨了《算术研究》出现的数学背景和高斯的同余理论；(2)通过对原始文献的系统解读，深入分析了费马小定理发现发展的历程以及在素性检验中的重要作用，指出《算术研究》前三节是高斯在总结并发展了前人对该定理研究的基础上形成的，并揭示了费马小定理在初等数论定理证明中的核心地位；(3)以二次互反律的两个主要来源为线索，详细考察了费马，欧拉，拉格朗目，勒让德，直到高斯的相关工作，揭示了该定律对十九世纪数论发展的巨大推动作用。

For some special cases, the paper gives some important identical theorems, and then establishes a valuable relation between the uniformly almost periodic functions and the trigonometric polynomials.Secondly, on the basis of the identical theorem, the paper investigates the Fourier series of the uniformly B2 almost periodic functions, and further proves that the series is unique.Thirdly, the paper discusses the Parseval equation of the uniformly B2 almost periodic functions, which establishes the relation between these functions and the coefficients of their Fourier series; and next investigates an important approximation theorem-Riesc-Fischer theorem, about the uniformly B2 almost periodic functions and the trigonometric polynomials.

并给出了特殊情况下的几个重要的恒同定理，将一致概周期函数与有限三角多项式联系起来；第二，在恒同定理的基础上，给出了一致B~2概周期函数的Fourier级数，并且级数是唯一的；第三，讨论了一致B~2概周期函数的Parseval方程，建立了函数与其Fourier级数的系数之间的联系；接着给出了关于一致B~2概周期函数和三角多项式之间的一个重要近似定理—Riesc-Fischer定理。

Equidistance point and difference theory in theory of function approximation are studied. Meanwhile, the relation among difference, difference quotient and derivate is revealed. By drawing Lagrange's and Cauchy's theorem of mean on difference and Taylor's formula into difference function, four theorems, such as Lagrange's theorem of mean on difference, are concluded in simple way. On the basis of these conclusions, the asymptotic property of middle point is studied, a series of new conclusions are drawn and the discussions on the asymptotic property of middle point in differential mid-value are summarized.

对函数逼近论中等距节点和差分理论进行了研究，揭示了差分、差商与导数之间的联系；将Lagrange中值定理、Cauchy中值定理、Taylor公式引入到差分函数中，简明地推导出Lagrange差分中值定理等4个定理，并在此基础上对"中间点"的渐近性进行了研究，得出了一系列"中间点"的渐近性的结果，概括了有关文献对微分中值公式的"中间点"的渐近性的讨论；给出的引理改进了函数逼近论的证明方法，精简了函数逼近论中的一些内容。

In chapter 5,we introduce the De Morgan algebra of metric and investigate the pseudo-metric Uniformity and the pseudo-metric topology and the separation axioms in De Morganalgebra of metric.We establish the Baire category theorem and the Banach contraction theo-rem,the Edelstein contraction theorem and other fixed quasi-atom theorems in De Morganalgebra of metric.In final,we give a sufficient condition for the metrization of a De Morganalgebra of topology.

在第五章里，我们地德摩根代数中引进了伪度量，探讨了伪度量一致和伪度量拓扑以及德摩根度量代数的分离公理，得到了Baire范畴定理、Banach收缩定理、Edelstein收缩定理以及其它不动拟原子定理，最后给出一个德摩根拓扑代数可度量化的充分条件。

We give a brief proof of the existence theorem of Supremum and Infimum of a bounded set of fuzzy numbers given by Wu cong-xin and Wu chong in [30] . It is used to establish the monotone convergence theorem and the nest theorem of closed intervals on E〓,τ

给出了吴从忻、吴冲[30]得到的模糊数集的确界存在定理的一个简洁证明，并利用此定理在空间E〓，τ(l中建立了模糊数序列的单调收敛定理和闭区间套定理。

Second,we introduce some important theorems we use in this paper,that is traverse theorem,martingale central limit theorem and slutsky theorem.

此外，还介绍了本文中所应用的主要定理，例如遍历定理，鞅中心极限定理以及slutsky定理等。

The cohomology of q-polynomial coalgebras with coefficients in trivialcomodule K are also determined(see Theorem 6.3.11).Having obtained Theorem 5.2.3 andTheorem 5.2.4,we determine(see Theorem 7.2.6)all the nonzero 〓.

对于这一类q-多项式余代数，我们决定了（见定理6.3.11）系数在它的平凡余模K中的上同调，有了定理5.2.3与定理5.2.4以后，我们决定了（见定理7.2.6）所有非零的〓。

In this paper we acquaint the reader first with the algebraic semantics which is corre-sponding to the Kripke's semantic having nested domaius. By an application of the completenesstheorem on relational semantics of the quantified normal modal systems with nested domains proved in Hughes and Cresswell's method to prove a completeness theorem on relational algebraic semantics of those system. Next for normal systems with semantics which admits arbi-trarily variable domains we use Henkin's method to prove a c...

本文首先讨论嵌套论域语义的相应代数语义并由Hughes和Cresswell在［5］中建立的关于具有嵌套论域的正规量词模态系统的关系语义完全性定理推出其相应的代数语义完全性定理：然后对于具有任意可变论域语义的正规系统，我们用Henkin方法给出其关于狭义Kripke语义的关系语义完全性定理，由此通过将关系语义转化为代数语义从而亦推得其代数语义完全性定理。

On the basis of the conclusion above, the nonlinear weak controllable vectors can be obtained, which compose the second class of weak controllable matrix, by means of matrix transfermations of the first class of weak controllable matrix. Furthmore the second criterion of weak controllability, accessibility and strong accessibility, which is more standard, more succinct and more practical, is obtained. On the basis of the first criterion and the second criterion, several important problems about nonlinear controllability are discussed, which include 1 local controllability; 2 three classes of local controllable decomposition, separately by means of local coordinate changes in the neighborhood of a nonsingular point, a point on a singular surface or a designated point x〓 with a designated input u〓; 3 the character of controllability of the ith state variable x〓 in different controllable areas and their boundaries.

在第一判别定理和第二判别定理的基础上，我们分析了非线性系统受控性质中的几个重要问题，所得到的结论包括i得到了非线性系统在可平衡点附近的能控性判别定理；ii分别给出了非线性系统在非奇异点、s阶奇面以及在状态空间内给定的一点x〓和输入u〓上的三种状态分解形式以及相应的求解方法；利用系统的Ⅰ型弱能控矩阵与Ⅱ型弱能控矩阵秩相等的条件，得到了只用系统的前n个弱能控向量来判断系统的弱能控性的判别定理；iii通过引入系统状态分量的三类受控区域边界的定义及相应的求解方法，初步探讨了非线性系统各个状态分量在不同的受控区域及其边界上的受控性质。

The study of lattice-valued propositional logic system based on lattice implication algebra.On the bases of previous study, by using the concepts and methods of T algebras we established the lattice-valued propositional logic system LP , whose truth values domain is a lattice implication algebra, and discussed systematically the semantical and syntactical properties of LP , proved the soundness theorem 、consistency theorem、deduction theorem and the decidability of validity of the system when the truth values lattice is finite. We also discussed the relationship between the α-theorem of some premise, say A, and the closed sets that contain A.

本文在前人研究工作的基础上，利用T代数的概念与方法，建立了真值取于格蕴涵代数的格值命题逻辑系统LP，对它的语义及语法性质进行了较系统的研究，得到了它的可靠性定理、协调性定理及演绎定理等，证明了值格有限时系统"有效性"的可判定性并讨论了某一前提A下的α定理与包含A的闭集之间的关系。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。