定数

Proves the calculus basic formula by the relation between function increment and differential,states briefly the intrinsic connection among indefinite integral, definite integral,derivativee and defferential.

利用函数增量与微分的关系证明了微积分基本公式，简洁地阐明了导数、微分、不定积分和定积分的内在联系。

It follows from these views that no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void, and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States are insurrectionary or revolutionary, according to circum stances.

从这些观点可以推定，任何州均不得仅由自己动议，即可合法脱离联邦；有关这方面的决议和法令在法律上都是无效的；对于任何一州或数州境内反抗美国政府的暴动，应依据情况来确定其爲叛乱还是革命。

Chapter 5 deals with the solvable theorem of adaptive inverse optimal control problems for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems driven by Wiener noises of unknown covariance. The systems are depicted by It〓 stochastic differential equations. By using an adaptive backstepping algorithm and stochastic control Lyapunov functions, the designing procedure of control laws of global asymptotic stability in probability and adaptive inverse optimal stabilization in probability are presented systematically. Adaptive control laws and parameter update laws can be obtained at the same time by this design scheme.

在第5章中，针对具有方差不确定Wiener噪声扰动和未知定常参数的随机非线性系统（假设方差的F—范数是一个常数或一个缓慢变化的量，对其进行在线辨识），给出并证明了自适应逆最优控制问题可解定理，基于随机Lyapunov定理和It〓微分规则，采用自适应Backstepping设计方法，系统地设计了全局依概率渐近稳定和自适应逆最优控制策略，这种设计方法可同时获得控制策略和自适应律，计算机数值仿真结果表明该控制算法是有效性的。

The discrete velocity ordinate method in the kinetic theory of gases is developed and applied to discretize the correspo

借助非定常时间分裂法和无波动无自由参数的NND耗散格式，建立直接求解微观分子速度分布函数的有限差分数值格式；研究并发展可用于离散速度坐标点选取和离散速度空间宏观取矩的高斯─埃尔米特无穷积分方法、等均间隔的牛顿─柯斯复合积分法、以勒让德多项式的根为积分结点的高斯─勒让德数值积分法，并应用于不同马赫数绕流模拟；通过对不同流域一维激波管问题、二维圆柱绕流问题和三维球体绕流的计算研究，并将计算结果与其他途径得到的研究结果诸如DSMC模拟值、N-S解及有关实验数据进行比较分析，创建了一套能有效模拟稀薄流到连续流不同流域气体流动问题简化的统一数值算法研究框架

But the Heaven and Kismet Theory said by Confucius and Mo-zi have different connotation.

然而，孔子与墨子所讲的天及天命论具有不同的内涵，这具体表现在上天不同的命定方式：孔子之天是先天的，墨子则是后天的；孔子之天是一次注定的，墨子则是数次注定的；孔子强调上天的随机，墨子注重上天的因果。

This is a procedural maze, the labyrinth is based on the ...

这是一个迷宫程序，迷宫大小是根据你定的数组大小来决定的

The algorithm is efficiently length-reduced compared with the traditional ones. It uses bitwise operation and shift logical for data substitution, and generates a length-fixed MAC.

算法通过位运算和逻辑移位进行数据替换，从而得到与验证的数据长度无关的定长MAC，有效减小了MAC的数据传输量。

In the case of discrete systems, some simple stability criteria are given in terms of matrix norm and the spectral radius of matrix, which are delay-independent and are therefore valid for any large delay.

对带滞后的线性定常离散广义系统，则通过矩阵的范数与谱半径建立了一些形式简单的稳定性判据，用它们判别系统的稳定性时，不会因滞后的增大而明显地增加计算量。

In Chapter 5, some knowledge about large-scale system and methods for investigating them are introduced, Lyapunov function, differential inequality, Razumikhin theorem, matrix norm and measure methods have been used to discuss the stability of uncertain large-scale system with delays and decay estimates for uncertain time-varying large-scale system with delays, the criteria of stability and decay estimates for uncertain large-scale system with delays are given.

第五章首先介绍了大系统的有关知识以及时滞大系统研究的方法，然后利用Lyapunov函数法、微分不等式法、Razumikhin定理法、矩阵范数与测度法研究了不确定定常时滞大系统的稳定性以及不确定时变时滞大系统的稳定性与系统衰减率的估计问题，得到了系统稳定的判别条件以及系统衰减率的估计。

Though the NBER's wonks will not pronounce for many months, their criteria look increasingly likely to be met.

尽管NBER的书呆子专家数月内都不会宣布经济衰退，然而，达到他们所定标准的可能性却越来越大了。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。