定性的

A gas chromatographic analysis method was established in the study of the conversion of acrolein to 1,3-propanediol by hydration and hydrogenation.

建立丙烯醛水合加氢制1，3-丙二醇的气相色谱定性定量分析方法。

Objective To assess the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal gland rumors.

目的 探讨超声显像对肾上腺肿瘤的定位与定性诊断与鉴别诊断价值。

ABSTRACT］ObjectiveTo assess the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal gland tumors.

目的 探讨超声显像对肾上腺肿瘤的定位与定性诊断与鉴别诊断价值。

Among advancer's actions after responder's negative double : a redouble shows strength.

如果应叫者否定性加倍，则回答人的行动为：回答人可以再加倍表示力量。

With respect to syntax, the roles of tagmeme in the structure of word and sentence and Chomsky's Generative-Transformational Grammar are discussed. The spatial relation theory and existing research achievements are investigated. Having noticed the shortage of the capability of topological and metrical relation in the description of spatial information structure, the author proposes Combinational Qualitative Geometry based on the two invariables under ordinary transformations, distance ratio and direction difference, the CQG-based spatial relation system between topological and metrical constraint is thus constructed, on which several spatial relations such as parallel, perpendicularity, co-linearity, sequence and direct neighborhood are derived. Based on extended theory of spatial relation, the language anamorphosis is analyzed from the aspects of phonetics, semantics and syntax. The mere geometric and formalized spatial relation is then integrated with concrete geographic ontology to accommodate richer and indicative spatial configuration of spatial information in the different geographic context. Finally a syntax framework for spatial information is put forward.

在语法结构方面，首先阐述了法位和法素在语法结构词法和句法中的地位和作用，以及Chomsky生成转换语法的核心内容；详细介绍了地理信息系统空间关系理论及现有的研究成果；在分析现有的拓扑关系和量度关系对空间信息结构描述能力不足的基础上，提出了基于长度比和角度差两个不变量的组合定性几何，以此建立了介于拓扑及量度约束之间的组合定性关系体系，并以此为基础派生出平行、垂直、共线、次序、直接邻近等空间关系描述；本文基于扩展的空间关系理论，详细讨论了空间关系在语音、语法和语义三个方面的语言变体，将纯几何和纯形式化的空间关系与具体的地理本体结合起来，可以获得更为丰富的、更能反映空间关系在不同语言上下文中具体体现的组合关系；最后给出了一个空间信息的语法结构的基本框架。

The second improvement is to combine the fuzzy optimization model, which has its advantages with view to quantitative problems, with the decision-making method based on fuzzy congruity theory, which has its advantages with view to qualitative problems, thereby a model that is more applicable to the practical evaluation of the problems that have both quantitative indices and qualitative indices, or a so-called mixed model is established.

本研究提出了相应的改进方法：一是将基于模糊一致矩阵理论的决策分析方法推广到了多层次的情况，使之适用于多层次、多指标综合评价问题；二是将对定量指标问题具有优越性的模糊优选模型和对定性指标问题具有优越性的基于模糊一致矩阵理论的决策分析方法结合起来，构建了更适合应用于实际综合评价问题既有定量指标又有定性指标的模型，即所谓的混合型模型。

The second improvement is to combine the fuzzy optimization model, which has its advantages with view to quantitative problems, with the decision-making method based on fuzzy congruity theory, which has its advantages with view to qualitative problems, thereby a modelthat is more applicable to the practical evaluation of the problems that have both quantitative indices and qualitative indices, or a so-called mixed model is established.

本研究提出了相应的改进方法：一是将基于模糊一致矩阵理论的决策分析方法推广到了多层次的情况，使之适用于多层次、多指标综合评价问题；二是将对定量指标问题具有优越性的模糊优选模型和对定性指标问题具有优越性的基于模糊一致矩阵理论的决策分析方法结合起来，构建了更适合应用于实际综合评价问题既有定量指标又有定性指标的模型，即所谓的混合型模型。

We have investigated seven representative ancient books handed down from Pre-Qin dynasty in the entirety, four books in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the later part of the Warring States. We Divide into the double negation sentence type six big kinds, nine minor sorts, according to the negative term lexical category and the combination way: the denial pronoun and the denial adverb matching, the denial pronoun and the denial verb being use together, the denial adverb and the denial verb being use together, the denial verb and the denial adverb matching, the denial adverb and the denial adverb matching, the fixed structure and denial adverb being used together.

我们对先秦时期七部有代表性的传世古籍作了穷尽性的调查，其中西周时期四部，战国后期三部，按照否定词的词性和组合方式把双重否定句式分为六大类，即否定性无指代词与否定副词的搭配、否定性无指代词与否定动词的连用、否定副词与否定动词的连用、否定动词与否定副词的呼应、否定副词与否定副词的搭配、表否定意的固定结构与否定副词的连用。

In the mean time we also give out a reduction way for nonlinear generalized system F =0 by use of the special projection mappings Q . Based on these we prove that the qualitative structure near the isolated equilibrium point of regular nonlinear generalized system is qualitatively equivalent with the structure near the equilibriun point of the linearization system of nonlinear generalized system, so we give out a way for qualitative analysis near equilibrium point of nonlinear generalized system.

其次，对一般形式的非线性广义系统F=0，利用特殊选择的投影函数Q，给出了一种归约方法，在此基础上，并证明了正则非线性广义系统问题的孤立平衡点的小邻域的定性结构等价于其线性化后的线性广义系统平衡点的定性结构，从而为非线性广义系统的平衡点的定性分析提供了一条途径。

The properties and expression of knowledge are discussed in brief and binary and multiple truth expression and inference of knowledge are studied focally. The neural networks which can realized the three valued logic are overviewed. The new idea of uncertain inference based on three valued logic is proposed for the first time The models of neural logic, which can realize three valued logic and uncertain three valued logic inference are proposed, too. The learning algorithm of coefficient of MVL's function based on the canonical realization of MVL network is investigated for the first time and the appropriate algorithm is proposed.

4简要地论述了知识的特征及其表现形式，重点研究了知识的真值二值和多值表示法以及基于知识真值表示法的逻辑推理；通过对目前可实现三值逻辑推理的逻辑神经元及其网络的简要回顾，指出了各自的局限性，首次提出了基于三值逻辑的不定性推理的新概念以及可实现三值逻辑和三值逻辑不定性推理的逻辑神经元模型，同时对基于这种逻辑神经元模型的推理系统的应用领域进行了探索性尝试；另外，首次对基于多值逻辑网络正规实现的多值逻辑函数的系数参数的学习算法进行了研究，并提出了相应的学习算法。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。