定性的

In order to find a stable approximate solution of linear compact operator equation, the article introduces general theories about ill-posed problems, it bases on spectral theory of self-adjiont compact operators and the singular value decomposition for compact operators, avails singular system to give expression of the solution, and explains ill-posedness of compact operator equation roots in the property that the singular values trends to zero. Thereout, it is provided with theoretic support of building up regularization method by inducting regularization filter to weaken or filtrate the influence that the nature of the singular value being very close to zero has on the solutions stability.

为了得到线性紧算子方程稳定的近似解，介绍了不适定问题正则化的一般理论，以自伴紧算子的谱分析与紧算子奇异值分解为理论基础，利用奇异系给出了解的表达式，说明了紧算子方程不适定性的根源在于紧算子的奇异值趋于零的性质，由此通过引入正则化滤子函数来减弱或滤掉奇异值趋于零的性质对解的稳定性的影响，构造正则算子，从而提供了建立正则化方法的理论依据。

At the same time, in view of some deficiency of traditional modeling methods, a new approach to system modeling梞ultiresolution modeling and aggregation/disaggregation梙as been developed since 1980s,and is now being used in the simulation and optimizing decision-making for large scale complex systems.

复杂系统的仿真和优化控制是以建立对象合理而准确的数学模型为基础的，但复杂系统本身具有一定的复杂性，对其进行建模和仿真时，会存在大量不同模式的信息数据(定量的、半定量的、定性的)，它们从不同角度不同层次反映系统的行为，而且往往具有不同的粒度和分辨率，传统的建模方法不能满足复杂系统的要求。

It is very difficult to eliminate these influence factors completely by conventional treatment. Surface properties and surface treatment of ultrafine red phosphorus and MMT and their interface properties with polymer matrices were studied in this thesis. The results were characterized by GC, FTIR, XRD, DTA, TG, XPS, UV, SEM, TEM and other physical and chemical methods. The main contents are as following: 1. The study of factors influencing ultrafine red phosphorus's invariability and phosphine liberation indicated red phosphorus undergone oxidation and dismutation reaction in air, and trace ion of iron, copper and nickel fastened water absorption and oxidation, in which the effect of copper ion was the most, while aluminium and zinc ion could slow down red phosphorus'oxidation, and silver ion had the best effect on red phosphorus moisture absorption. Inhibitors such as aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, organic phenol and ferrous potassuim cyanide had a good effect on reducing red phosphorus moisture absorption and restraining phosphine liberation.

本文围绕纳微米材料的表面处理及其在高聚物基体中的应用这一主题，系统地研究了超细红磷和蒙脱土两种常见材料的表面特性、表面处理方法及其与高聚物基体的界面特性，通过气相色谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射、差热、热重、X射线光电子能谱仪、紫外光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜等现代分析仪器以及其它物理、化学方法对实验结果进行了表征和分析，全文主要内容如下： 1、对影响超细红磷安定性的因素以及磷化氢的缓释研究表明：红磷在空气中发生缓慢氧化、歧化反应，微量的铜、铁、镍等金属离子增加了它的吸水和氧化速度，其中铜离子的作用最为明显，而铝、锌等离子减慢了红磷的氧化速度，银离子对减少红磷的吸湿性效果最好。

It change the normal method for "beginning control" and "goal control". With the development of living level, upholster is dispensability for indoor, the using of decorative material produce plenty of poisonous、baleful chemical substance. These substance make the air indoor into bad, and threaten the healthy in the door if these cumulate .What"s more it will reduce work efficiency. The past method of IAQA is subjective assessment or giving priority subjective assessment. But people will adapt to indoor environment due to settle in the door long-term, which it lead to incorrectness. So, we can"t only use subjective assessment for IAQ. In this article, the author bring forward the best and the reasonable assessing method ,which it is combining the subjective assessment to objective assessment.

随着生活水平的提高，室内装潢成为家居装饰不可缺少的部分，装饰材料的应用，会产生大量的有毒、有害化学物质，使得室内的空气质量变差，且长期累积会威胁室内人员的身体健康，导致工作效率低下，过去对室内空气品质的研究仅用主观评价方法或以主观评价为主对室内人员的主观感受做调查，但是由于室内人员对室内的环境具有适应性，从而造成评价的不准确，且过去对化学微污染物的影响没有定性的研究，因此，用该方法进行评价显然是不准确的，所以，本文提出用主观评价和客观评价想结合的评价方法对室内空气品质进行综合评价。

At first, I developed the principle and restrictive factor to optimize the investment structure of regional industry; Secondly, I applied the Grey Theory to research the relationship between structure of investment and structure of industry, the relationship between structure of industry and economy of region.; Thirdly, Three methods, including AHP, Principal Component Analysis and Relative Potential were exerted to research the order of investment afterward, I developed qualitative analysis to the third industry, and put forward suggest to its progress direction; Fourthly, Using economics and operational researchs thoughtway for reference, I upbuilt the dynamic model of investment portion model.

首先，提出了优化区域产业投资结构的原则和制约因素；其次，运用灰色系统理论对区域的产业结构与整体经济、投资结构与产业结构的关系进行论证分析；第三，建立了区域产业投资结构评价指标体系，并运用AHP法、主成份分析法和相对势法对河北省第一、第二产业投资排序进行了研究，然后，在充分利用现有数据的前提下对第三产业进行了定性的分析，并对第三产业的发展方向提出了建议；第四，借鉴了经济学、管理学、运筹学等一些理论的思想方法，建立了区域产业连续投资分配比例模型；最后，根据河北省情，结合中国进入WTO的过渡期市场环境，提出了一些政策建议，以达到实现河北省产业投资结构优化的目的。

Taking the 1#'s coal trestle in the coal-smashed engine room of Shenyang thermal power plant which was set up in 1958 for example, it is discussed that when fall-off height of concrete in drawing district of reinforced concrete structural member harmed seriously in flexure increase, the bond performance of reinforcing bar and concrete deteriorate continuously and the time-dependent regulation of the weight force and deformation of structural member. Dynamic reliability indexes before and after consolidation is obtained by the method.

鉴于现行的可靠性鉴定标准与结构设计标准不相协调，仅从定性的角度给出了结构构件和系统的可靠性要求，以始建于1958年的沈阳热电厂碎煤机室1＃甲输煤栈桥为例，讨论了受损严重的钢筋混凝土受弯构件随拉区混凝土脱落高度的增加、钢筋与混凝土之间粘结性能不断劣化，构件承载力及变形的经时规律，并求得加固前后动态可靠指标，使得可靠性鉴定结果更具科学性。

These fingerprints provide depth-sensitive quantitative information about the light-scattering properties of tissue and also show significant qualitative differences in scattering patterns.

Backman博士与其团队表示，由4D-ELF/LEBS而来的光散射特徵，表现了结构的特性与光学性能或「指纹」，这些指纹提供组织光散射性质的深度敏感定量资讯，也在散射型态上有显著定性的差异；为了光散射特性的变化与组织定量的方法，他们也分析了一系列的光学标记。

In the meantime, the difference between a direct integration method and a modality superposition method in the nonlinear solution of large sized shaftings was also investigated. It can be shown that the use of a nonlinear method for solving the kinetics response of a higher dimensional rotor bearing system is both essential and feasible. With regard to the nonlinear kinetics problems of a rotor system the direct integration method is more effective than the modality superposition method. steam turbine, rotor, dynamics, nonlinearity

国内外先后采用非线性油膜力的数值积分方法对转子轴承系统的非线性动力学行为进行了一定研究，但主要集中在简单转子—轴承系统的研究上，在分析上主要采用的是简单离散方法，转子多被简化为刚性转子和Jeffcott转子模型，只能对简单转子—轴承系统的非线性动力学行为进行定性的分析，而对于象汽轮机组轴系这样的高

An anomalous or"inverse"behavior of the critical strain, beyond which the plastic flow involves a bifurcation from smooth to jerky flow, in a certain range of applied strain rate is studied. The evolution of amplitude, rise time and drop time of stress serrations during the test is analyzed statistically. From the mechanism of the motion and multiplication of dislocations, we give a qualitative explanation for above phenomena.

在PLC效应的时域特性方面，研究了临界应变在应变率区间上的反常演化，统计分析了应力锯齿的跌落幅度、上升时间和跌落时间在变形过程中的演化发展，归纳出各特征参量受应变和应变率影响的规律，结合位错运动和增殖的微细观机制，对上述现象给予了定性的解释。

There are many types of palaeogeography maps, such as tectonic palaeogeography maps, palaeontological palaeogeography maps, lithofacies palaeogeography maps, sketchy or qualitative palaeogeography maps, quantitative palaeogeography maps, palaeogeography maps on different scales, palaeogeography maps with present boundaries, palaeogeography maps with nonpresent boundaries, etc..

有许多类型的古地理图，如构造古地理图、生物古地理图、岩相古地理图、示意的或定性的古地理图、定量的古地理图、不同比例尺的古地理图、坐今界限的古地理图、非当今界限的古地理图等。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。