定向的

Myogenic regulatory factors are part of a superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors.

而探讨骨髓干细胞定向分化为肌细胞的机制将是解决这个问题的关键。

General solution to directional coupler with coupling between neighbored waveguide only.

仅有相邻波导耦合的定向耦合器的一般解法。

Objective: To explore the influence of serum of different concentrations towards co-cultured neuroepithelial stem cells and Schwann cells, and further to seek the factors inducing the orientation differentiation of neural stem cells.

目的：探讨血清对联合培养神经上皮干细胞与Schwann细胞的影响，进一步寻求诱导神经上皮干细胞定向分化的影响因素。

This experiment further investigated the possibility of differentiation of BMSCs in rats into neural stem cells in vitro, and into neural cells and neuroepithelial cells, so as to provide seed cells for cell transplantation of nervous system disease.

目的：已证实骨髓基质细胞可分化为中胚层组织细胞，实验予进一步探讨体外分离培养的骨髓基质细胞向神经干细胞分化的可能性，以及是否能继续定向分化为神经细胞及神经胶质细胞，为神经系统疾病细胞移植治疗提供种子细胞。

BACKGROUND: It is of significance to study the direct differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and their functional characteristics for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disease such as Parkinson's disease with cell transplantation.

背景：研究人骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为多巴胺神经元及分化后细胞的功能特征，对细胞移植治疗包括帕金森病在内的神经精神性疾病具有重要临床意义。

The results indicate that only tungsten oxide grains are formed without sodium sulfate additions, while tungsten oxide whiskers with 0.20.3 μm in diameter and aspect ratio of 5-50 or tungsten oxide nanowires with 1030 nm in diameter and aspect ratio of 50200 are synthesized by some sodium sulfate additions on conditions at 180 ℃ for 1236 h. The phase composition of tungsten oxide whiskers is hexagonal tungsten trioxide. The whiskers/nanowires grow oriently through 〈200〉,〈002〉,〈202〉and〈100〉.

结果表明：未添加硫酸钠时，在180 ℃水热反应12~36 h只能得到氧化钨颗粒粉末，而添加适量硫化钠后，可制备出直径为0.2~0.3 μm、长径比为5~50的氧化钨晶须和直径为10~30 nm、长径比为50~200的氧化钨纳米线；氧化钨纳米线晶体结构良好，物相为六方晶系WO3；微/纳米氧化钨晶须/线主要沿〈200〉，〈002〉，〈202〉和〈100〉方向定向生长。

Objective:To explore the optimal system of osteogenic and chondrogenic potential of rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

目的 ：探讨兔骨髓间充质干细胞体外分离培养、增殖，以及向成骨细胞和软骨细胞定向诱导分化的条件，为骨、软骨缺损的修复和重建提供种子细胞。

Finally, the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the oxamido-bridged binuclear complexes were studied in vitro.. This dissertation consists of three sections as follows:1. The crystal structure of a oxamide dinitrate,(1) [H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 H_2dmaeoxd = N,N\'-bis[2-ethyloxamide, has been obtained. The diversity of complexes with different structures is carried out by successful synthetic strategy of controlling species of metal ions, counter anions, pH values and solvents in the course of synthesis. Four dinuclear complexes bridged by trans-dmaeoxd2-: [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2), [Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3),、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4), [Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5); Four dinuclear complexes bridged by cis-dmaeoxd2-: [NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6), [CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7), [CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8), [Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9); three 1-D polynuclear complexes: [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10), [Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11), [Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12); one 2-D polynuclear complex,[Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n).2nH_2O (13); the others: [VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14), [Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15), [Cu_2]·2DCM (16) have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectra.

本论文主要包括以下三部分：一、合成得到了一个草酰胺配体硝酸盐的单晶结构，[H_4dmaeoxd](NO_3)_2 (1)；通过调控金属离子的种类、端基配体、抗衡阴离子、溶剂、pH值等条件定向合成了四个反式草酰胺桥联双核铜配合物：[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (2)、[Cu_2_2](ClO_4)_2 (3)、、[Cu_2(Me_2phen)_2](ClO_4)_2 (4)、[Cu_2_2(H_2O)_2] (5)；四个顺式草酰胺桥联同/异双核配合物：[NiNi_2](ClO_4)_2 (6)、[CuNi_2](ClO_4)_2·2CH_3OH (7)、[CuZn_2]-(ClO_4)_2·2H_2O (8)、[Cu(H_2O)Ni_2](ClO_4)_2.0.5CH_3OH (9)；三个一维聚合物： [Cu_2]_n·nH_2O (10)、[Cu_2(H_2O)_2-]_n·4nH_2O (11)、[Cu_2(H_2O)]_n(NO_3)_n·2nH_2O (12)；一个二维聚合物： [Cu_6_3(μ_3-OH)_2(H_2O)_2]_n(ClO_4)_(4n)。2nH_2O (13)；单核钒配合物[VO(H_2O)]·2H_2O (14)、草酸根桥联双核锌配合物[Zn_2_4](ClO_4)_2·H_2O (15)、美洛西康铜配合物[Cu_2]·2DCM (16)，利用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、电子光谱和单晶X-射线衍射对上述所得化合物进行了结构表征，探讨了结构影响因素，并研究了其超分子结构。

The microstructure of the γ/γ'-α directionally solidified in-situ composites was studied both in as solidified state and as aging treatment.α-fibers, in as solidified state, were arranged paralyzingly in the γ/γ'matrix, and surrounded by the γ' phase.

对内生γ/γ'-α定向共晶复合材料在凝固状态和高温时效状态的微观结构的研究表明，α纤维平行排列在γ/γ'基体中并为γ'相所包围。

Developments of both theoretical and experimental results of low velocity coupled growth and banded structure of peritectic alloy are reviewed.

综述了包晶合金定向凝固中的低速带状与共生生长组织的实验和理论研究情况及其进展。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。