定向型

JT91-200 artillety gyro altazimuth is a fix instument which can research the grid north automatically and determine grid north azimuth at any direction.It works by making use of the physical features of gyro and influences of earth rotation.

JT91-200型炮兵陀螺经纬仪是利用陀螺本身的物理特性和地球自转的影响，实现自动寻找其北方向和测定任一方向线的真北方位角的定向仪器。

To better understand the roles of LsrA protein in nodulation, a series of analyses of nodules using scanning electron microscopy, genetic and biochemical approaches have been carried out. Our analyses suggest that the lsrA1 nodules contain bacteroids in the invasion and establishing zone only. The lsrA gene expression is active early in the invasion zone and activated later than bacA genes. The lost of LsrA protein dramatically reduced the expression of nifA and fixK, and completely blocked the expression of the nifH gene for nitrogenase. LsrA protein functions early in the bacteroid development and it is essential for the development nitrogen fixing bacteroids.

前期的工作中，苜蓿中华根瘤菌Rm1021中90个候选LysR基因已经被定向插入突变，并筛选在自生生长时期、共生生长时期的表型，以期寻找更多在自生状态或共生固氮中有功能的LysR转录因子。1 针对前期鉴定出的共生固氮必需的lsrA基因，我们应用了一系列扫描电子显微镜技术、生物化学、分子遗传学等方法，发现lsrA基因主要在根瘤侵染区开始表达，表达时序也在侵染阶段左右，但晚于bacA基因表达；LsrA蛋白缺失后根瘤固氮区中缺乏具有固氮能力的类菌体，nifA和fixK基因的转录水平降低，nifH基因的转录被完全阻断，因此LsrA蛋白为根瘤发育所必需，是新的根瘤发育信号传导途径成员。2 通过表型筛选我们鉴定了苜蓿中华根瘤菌的oxyR基因，并研究了它的调节特性。oxyR突变后，苜蓿中华根瘤菌对过氧化氢敏感性提高，适应性降低。

On the other hand, Let M~n be an z-dimensional complete noncompactoriented submanifold with finite total curvature in an-dimensional simplyconnected space form F~ of constant curvature c. In this thesis, we provethat if M satisfies one of the following: n≥3, c=0 and integral from n=M H~n＜∞;n≥5, c=-1 and H＜1-2/n~(1/2); n≥3, c=1 and H is bounded, where Hdenotes the mean curvature of M. then the dimension of the space of L~2 harmonic1-forms on M is finite.

本文还证明：若具常曲率c的完备单连通空间型F~中具有有限全曲率的n维完备非紧可定向子流形M满足下面条件之一：n≥3，c=0且integral from n=M H~n＜∞；n≥5，c=-1且H＜1-2/n~(1/2；n≥3，c=1且H有界的，则M上L~2调和1-形式空间的维数是有限的，这里H为M的平均曲率。

OBJECTIVE: To establish an inducing system for differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrecytes in two-dimensional culture in vivo, to analyze the best concentration of transforming growth favor beta-1 (TGF-β1) to induce the differentiation and the correlated influence factors for the directional differentiation, and to observe the changes of cell form and phenotype.

目的：建立二维培养条件下骨髓间充质干细胞分化为软骨细胞的诱导体系，分析转化生长因子β1作为诱导条件的最佳浓度，以及诱导骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化为软骨细胞的相关影响因素，观察细胞诱导后的细胞形态及表型变化。

N type II collagen-based matrices cell migration is less, but invading cells are directed into a chondrocyte phenotype.

I型胶原为基础的基质材料，细胞的迁移减少，但侵入的细胞定向分化为软骨细胞表型。

During the process of peptization and hydrothermal crystallization, the aggregation behavior and the resulting morphology of nanocrystalline titania (TiO2) were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and dynamic light scattering techniques.

通过XRD、SEM和动态光散射粒度测定仪研究了胶溶及水热晶化过程中纳米TiO2晶粒聚集行为及形貌。实验结果表明，在胶溶无定形沉淀过程中所形成的大小为10-15nm的锐钛矿型胶粒或金红石型胶粒易定向聚集成更大的、具有(30-50)nm×(80-100)nm的次级晶粒。含有次级晶粒的溶胶前驱液在水热晶化过程中，次级晶粒发生崩裂并生长成结晶度更高的大小约为10-30nm球形和大小约为20-60nm棒状纳米TiO2

In this dissertation, InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser and its characterization were presented. Some conclusions are as following: the characteristics of lasing threshold was discussed by using rate equation. The dependent relations between threshold and cavity volume, spontaneous emission coupling efficiency β were investigated. The whispering gallery mode and spontaneous emission in a microdisk geometry were then studied. Almost all spontaneous emission was coupled into the lowest order TE mode when the normalized thickness of photonics well was between 0.15 and 0.5. The design principle and device process of InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP MQW microdisk laser were presented. The microdisk lasers with the diameter of 8μm, 4. 5μm and 2μm were succesfully fabricated by using etching techniques. The pulse lasing thresholds for the microdisk with the diameter of 8μm and 4. 5μm were 170μW and 15μW, a record results compared with the published in the literature. The cw lasing threshold for a 2-μm-diameter microdisk was only a few μW. We haven't found similar report up to now. To solve the problem of directional output in a microdisk laser, the power coupling efficiency in a double disk geometry was investigated with the theory of waveguide mode couple. A new structure of electrically pumped microdisk laser with output waveguide was designed, making a foundation for the practical use of microdisk laser.

本文主要研究InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱半导体碟型激光器的研制和特性表征，并取得如下结果：利用速率方程理论讨论了激光器激射阈值的特性，分析了阈值与腔体积和自发发射耦合系数β之间的关系；讨论了微碟光子阱结构中的自发发射特性和微碟中WGM模式特性；光子阱结构在其归一化厚度在0.15-0.5之间时，几乎全部自发发射进入到最低阶TE模式中；研究了InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP多量子阱微碟激光器的结构设计原理和器件的制备工艺；利用刻蚀方法成功制备出直径分别为8μm、4.5μm、2μm的碟型微腔激光器；直径8μm和4.5μm的微碟脉冲光泵浦激射阈值分别为170μW、15μW，是目前所见文献报导中比较低的；直径2μm的微碟连续光泵浦激射阈值仅几μW，目前尚未见到达到类似结果的研究报导；为解决微碟激光器激射光定向引出的问题，通过波导耦合模理论分析了双层碟之间功率耦合效率；据此设计了新型带耦合输出波导的电泵浦微腔激光器，为进一步研制可实用的电泵浦微腔激光器打下基础。

Using JDM-30 strain gauge measurement and 4192A impedometer, effect of magnetization field and stress on the magnetostrictive properties d33, k33 and μ of the Fe83Ga17 alloy are measured.

采用真空感应熔炼法制备出铸态Fe83Ga17合金，用定向凝固的方法制备出取向多晶Fe83Ga17合金，使用JDM-30型磁致伸缩参数自动测量仪和4192A型阻抗分析仪，研究了磁化场和预压力对取向多晶Fe83Ga17合金磁致伸缩性能参数d33、k33及μ的影响。

Zirconia/graphite compound mold core was prepared by the coating, in which the silicon sol was used as binder and zirconia was used as refractory materials. The application feasibility of metal particles as a coolant in the solidification process was studied, and the application of metal particles as subsidiary coolant in the liquid metal cooling of directional solidification were analyzed and studied in this investigation. The conclusions can be drawn as follows: 1 The zireonia/graphite compound cores fabricated by brushing coating which was prepared by making silicon sol agglutinated zirconia as a refractory material were casteded at 800℃and 1000℃respectively, and the results show that the strength of the mold core is strong enough to meet the requirement of practical casting.

本文研究了以硅溶胶为粘结剂，氧化锆为耐火材料来制备氧化锆／石墨复合型芯的制备工艺；并分析了金属颗粒作为冷却剂在金属凝固过程中应用的可行性、金属颗粒的冷却能力以及金属颗粒作为辅助冷却剂在定向凝固的液态金属冷却法中的应用，得出以下结论：(1)以硅溶胶为粘结剂，氧化锆为耐火材料来配制涂料，采用刷涂石墨型芯的方法来制备的氧化锆／石墨复合型芯经800℃和1000℃实际浇铸实验，结果证明型芯的强度足够满足实际浇铸要求。

The parameters include waveguide width: 8μm, titanium film thickness:50~60nm, index change: 0.006, diffusion temperature: 1050 and diffusion time: 9~10 hours.Designed and produced a 2 X 2 coupler Optical switch and a 1 X 2 digital optical switch. The coupler optical switch was produced by AP reversal structure, with the main parameters such as total length of switch: 30mm, waveguides center distance: Hum, interaction length: 17mm, and at 17V with a crosstalk of -18dB. The digital optical switch was produced by asymmetry electrode Y branch structure. The main parameters of this switch such as switch length: 25mm, the angle of Y branch: 0=0.1? center distance at branch end: 30μm, the center distance of electrons: 12μm, and at 27V with a crosstalk of 18dB.

设计并制作了2×2耦合型光开关和1×2数字开关，其中耦合型开关主要采用的反转Δβ定向耦合器开关，开关长度约30mm，波导宽度8μm，波导间距14μm，耦合区长度17mm，电极主要采用三电极结构，最终测得对TE模开关电压＜-15，消光比≈18dB；数字开关采用非对称电极Y分叉数子开关结构，利用BPM软件模拟了其开关特性并优化了器件参数，制作中采用的主要参数为：开关长度约25mm，Y分叉角θ=0.1°，Y分叉末端波导间距30μm，电极间距12μm，最终测得开关电压27V，消光比≈18dB。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。