定向

For supercooling directional solidification, ideal directional microstructure can be obtained only within the supercooling range 63～83K and 127～170K. These two supercooling ranges just corresponds to the supercooling for developed equiaxial dendrites in ordinary supercooling solidification.

6对于深过冷定向凝固来说，只有在63～83K的低过冷度范围和127～170K的中过冷度范围才能获得理想的定向生长组织，而这两个过冷度范围正好对应于深过冷熔体凝固组织为发达的等轴枝晶的过冷度范围，这种组织的相似性似乎与过冷度一样具有遗传性。

In vitro, the rat MSCs can be differentiated into the skeletal muscle cells with an induction by MyoD and 5-azacytidine, with a positive reaction for the desmin and the myoglobulin of the skeletal muscle.

结论在体外，MyoD、5-氮杂胞苷可以诱导MSCs向骨骼肌细胞定向分化，并伴有结蛋白和骨骼肌肌球蛋白阳性表达；定向诱导后MSCs增殖期比例大，向骨骼肌细胞分化纯度更高。

Chem. Chem. Phys 2000, 2: 613, Chem. Phys, 2000, 259: 99. The results show that the product rotational angular momentum vector is not only aligned, but also along the y-axis perpendicular to the k-k' scattering plane on both PESs, orientation of product angular momentum vector depends on collision energies and PESs.

结果表明在两个势能面上产物的转动角动量矢量不仅取向，而且沿着y轴垂直于散射平面定向，产物的角动量定向依赖于碰撞能和势能面。

In the model of intersection, the instruments had to be levelled and orientated relatively by aiming at mutually. Because levelling is manual and there is no mark of theodolite′s center which can be aimed at, the error of the common method of self-locating is too big to be allowed for precisional indus trial measuring.

前方交会这种自定位方式，必须先整平仪器，并使两台仪器相互瞄准实现相对定向，由于整平误差和定向误差，使得这种自定位方式的精度无法提高，严重阻碍了此系统用于精密工业测量。

Selecting three typical pseudobinary eutectic systems, Al-Mg〓Si, Al-Mg〓Ge and Ge-AlSb, as the basic modelling system, this paper studied the regularity of composition selection and growth ect.

本文以恒温度梯度热分析、金相分析、定向凝固及熔体X射线衍射分析为主要手段，以Al-Mg〓Si、Al-Mg〓Ge和Ge-AlSb三个伪二元共晶体系作为基本的模拟系，对A-BC〓型伪二元定向共晶复合体的成分选择与生长等规律作了较为系统的研究。

Just as Ramesh and Schlom pointed in Science, 2002, to obtain ...

Ramesh 和Schlom 在2002 年6 月《Science》上就铁电体等一些功能材料的发展和前景指出，要取得最佳的材料性能，不仅仅需要晶体的晶粒定向生长，而且必须要求晶粒按一定的方式定向生长。

Organic matrixs coming from cells play role in nucleation, growth, morphology, polymorphology of inorganic materials. This control of organic matrixs are mainly behaved by the interfaction between organic matrix and inorganic materials .The processing of organic matrix controlling inorganic material is called as molecular recognition. The mechanism of organic-inorganic molecular recognition contains three facts such as electrostatic attraction, lattice geometry matching and stereochemical complimentary.

细胞分泌的有机基质在无机矿物的成核，生长，形貌，多型和结晶学定向等过程中起到了调控作用，基质对矿化的这种调控作用具体表现在有机或生物大分子和无机离子在界面上的相互作用，有机质对无机晶体的成核，生长，晶形及结晶学定向等的控制过程称为分子识别，有机-无机界面分子识别机制主要包括静电作用，晶格几何匹配和立体化学互补三个方面。

The directional solidification under negative temperature gradient with unstrained cooling and superrefined directional microstructure are observed.

并在△T〓≤△T＜△T〓过冷度区间完成了无外界冷速约束的负温度梯度下的定向凝固，获得了快速凝固条件下的超细定向组织。

The speed-sensorless vector control and the identification of motor parameters in this paper are the two novel research of vector control.Using asynchronous machine's mathematic model in three-phase static reference frame, this paper has derived it's mathematic model in two-phase static reference frameand in two-phase rotating reference frame, and got the coordinate transformance formulus based on the constant magnetic force and power force, by compared different field orientation methods, we can find that field orientation at rotor field can realize the decoupling of the stator current flux component

无速度传感器矢量控制和电机参数辨识是矢量控制的两个新的研究方向，本文利用异步电机在三相静止坐标系下的数学模型推导出两相静止坐标系、两相同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型，根据磁动势守恒和功率守恒的原则，得出各坐标变换公式；通过不同磁场定向方式的比较发现，异步电机按转子磁场定向时定子电流励磁分量和转矩分量可以比较方便地实现解耦。

Chicken IL-15(ChIL-15), Which was discovered in 2001, plays a main role in activating NK cells and CD8+ memory T cells, and may therefore have potential as a vaccine adjuvant.According to published ChIL-15 gene sequence, a pair of primers were designed and synthesized to clone ChIL-15 cDNA from ConA-activated chicken splenocytes by RT-PCR. Recombinant plasmid pUC19ChIL-15 carrying the ChIL-15 gene was constructed. The gene encoding mature ChIL-15 (mChIL-15) was amplified from pUC19ChIL-15 by PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. After digested with Kpn I /Pst I , the mChIL-15 gene was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pPRoEX橦Ta and transformed into E.coli DH5a .The transformant was induced by IPTG, and the recombinant ChIL-15(rChIL-15) was expressed as a fusion protein with a histidine hexamer tag at the N-terminal end of the protein. Following expression, the protein was purified by ProBond?Nickel-Chelating Resin. The uninduced and induced protein lysates and the purified protein were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane to identify rChIL-15 by Western blot. The rChIL-15 was used to immune the guinea pig to obtain rChIL-15 polyclonal antibody.

参考已发表的ChIL-15基因序列，设计合成引物，应用RT-PCR技术从刀豆球蛋白A活化的白来航鸡脾淋巴细胞中克隆ChIL-15 cDNA，将其与SmalⅠ酶切处理的pUC19载体连接，构建重组质粒pUC19ChIL-15；用PCR技术从pUC19ChIL-15中扩增出去信号肽的成熟ChIL-15(mChIL-15)基因，与pMD 18-T载体相连构建重组质粒pMDChIL-15；然后用KpnⅠ／PstⅠ双酶切下mChIL-15基因片段，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的带有6个组氨酸标签的表达载体pP_RoEX~HTa中，构建重组质粒pP_RoChIL-15，对其测序确认读框正确后，转入大肠杆菌DH5α中诱导表达并进行纯化，用重组ChIL-15(rChIL-15)免疫豚鼠，制备多克隆抗体；再用HindⅢ／PstⅠ从质粒pP_RoChIL-15上切下mChIL-15基因，定向亚克隆到经同样酶切处理的杆状病毒转移载体pMelBacB中，经酶切、PCR和序列测定鉴定后，与杆状病毒线形化DNABac-N-Blue~(TM DNA共转染Sf9昆虫细胞，经三轮蚀斑纯化，构建重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIL-15，用该重组病毒感染处于对数生长期的Sf9细胞，按不同的时间收取样品，离心后对其上清和沉淀进行SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。