定向

SWNTs ; PMMA ; alignment ; mechanical properties ; calorifics properties

SWNTs ； PMMA ；定向排列；力学性能；热学性能

Our research work is currently focused on the molecular mechanisms of vascular cambium periodicity regulation and secondary xylem development, including cambial cell differentiation, secondary wall formation and programmed cell death.

本实验室以杨树、杜仲等树木作为实验材料，采用剥皮再生创伤系统和整体系统，研究维管形成层活动周期调控及形成层发生、次生木质部细胞分化、次生壁形成和细胞程序死亡的分子机理，为定向改良木材材质提供理论指导。

MSCs capsulated in alginate microspheres were induced by TGF-β3 and IGF-I, serving as the experiment group. While those cultured without TGF-β3 and IGF-I were taken as controls.

实验组用转化生长因子β3和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ联合定向诱导藻酸钠微球包被的骨髓间充质干细胞3周，对照组培养条件中无转化生长因子β3和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ。

Combination TGF-β3 with IGF-I can induce the MSCs capsulated in alginate microspheres to differentiate into chondrocytes, and chitosan-based scaffold is biocompatible with the induced chondrocytes.

转化生长因子β3和胰岛素样生长因子Ⅰ能诱导藻酸钠微球中的骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化成软骨细胞，并与壳聚糖复合支架表现出良好的组织相容性。

Spontaneous differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cardiomyocytes is however limited. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and effectively differentiate these pluripotent cells into specific cardiomyocytes are crucial to obtain fundamental knowledge in cardiogenesis, screen drugs and promote the usage of these cells in replacement therapy. This review summarizes the current state of differentiation of cardiomyocytes from mouse and human ESCs and their regulatory factors.

但这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低，因此，如何有效地诱导这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞的定向分化对深入认识心肌发生发育的关键调控机制和实现其在药物发现和再生医学，如心肌梗塞、心力衰竭的细胞治疗以及心肌组织工程中的应用均具有非常重要的意义。

Spontaneous differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cardiomyocytes is however limited. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and effectively differentiate these pluripotent cells into specific cardiomyocytes are crucial to obtain fundamental knowledge in cardiogenesis, screen drugs and promote the usage of these cells in replacement therapy.

但这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞自发分化的效率非常低，因此，如何有效地诱导这些多能干细胞向心肌细胞的定向分化对深入认识心肌发生发育的关键调控机制和实现其在药物发现和再生医学，如心肌梗塞、心力衰竭的细胞治疗以及心肌组织工程中的应用均具有非常重要的意义。

Methods and Results— We generated a gene-targeted mouse in which the active CathA was replaced with a mutant enzyme carrying a Ser190Ala substitution in the active site.

方法和结果——我们用在活性部位Ser190Ala替代的突变酶取代有活性的CathA，培养了基因定向小鼠。

Objective To investigate operation methods and curative effects of stereotactic operation in the treatment of cerebellar homorrhage.

目的：探讨立体定向手术治疗小脑出血的手术方法及治疗效果。

In addition, LQ of neural stem cells can be induced in vitro to differentiate into cholinergic neurons.

另外，LQ可以诱导神经干细胞体外定向分化为胆碱能神经元。

This paper reviews the pathways of ES cells in vitro being committed and differentiated to hematopoietic cells, cardiomyocytes, neural cells, adipocytes, pancreatic islets, endothelial cells, epithelia, osteoblasts, chondroblast and melanocytes.

文章综述了体外定向诱导ES细胞分化为造血细胞、心肌细胞、神经细胞、脂肪细胞、胰岛细胞、内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成骨细胞、软骨细胞和黑素细胞等的途径和方法。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。