定向

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vitro directional differentiation of BMSCs into chondrocytes, and identify the differentiated cells.

目的：观察体外诱导骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞的定向分化，并对分化后细胞进行鉴定。

However, detailed differentiation properties and the directional differentiation system of iPS cells have not been demonstrated.

但是这种细胞的具体分化特性以及定向分化体系还没有得到明确证实。

Research progress in directional differentiation from bone marrow stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells.

骨髓干细胞定向分化为肝样细胞的研究进展。

However, the in vitro directional differentiation of BMSCs into neuronal cells is easy affected by various factors.

但是在体外条件下通过化学和生物诱导物使骨髓间充质干细胞转化为神经元，影响骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞、胶质细胞系统定向分化的因素比较复杂。

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the directional differentiation of BMSCs into hepatocytes with alcohol-hepatocirrhosis patient serum.

目的：探讨在酒精性肝硬化患者血清诱导条件下，人骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞样细胞的定向分化情况。

We applied our ES cell system to iPS cells and examined directional differentiation of mouse iPS cells to cardiovascular cells.

在这次试验中我们将ES细胞体系应用于iPS细胞并监测了iPS细胞向心血管细胞的定向分化过程。

Methods ES cells of BALB/C mice were cultured in directional differentiation and non directional differentiation culture system respectively.

方法选用BALB/c小鼠ES细胞，分别进行未分化培养和非定向分化培养，对培养系统中ES细胞的发育和分化情况进行观察。

OBJECTIVE: To introduce proteomics, to summarize the research of proteomics in directional differentiation of BMSCs, and to forecast the development of proteomics research methods.

目的：介绍蛋白质组学的概况，总结蛋白质组学在骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌、成骨及脂肪细胞定向分化方面的研究进展，讨论其面临的问题，并对蛋白质组学研究方法进行展望。

With the innovation and development in methodology and technology, proteomics will become a powerful tool for us to study the potential mechanisms of BMSCs directional differentiation.

随着蛋白质组学在方法学及技术上的不断创新和发展，将会成为研究骨髓间充质干细胞定向分化潜在机制的强有力工具，帮助人们早日揭开其中蕴含的生命奥秘。

BACKGROUND: Effective proliferation in vitro of neural stem cells and directional induction and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons play a key role in neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of degeneration of the nervous system and repair of injured nervous system.

背景：在神经干细胞移植治疗神经系统退行性变及修复神经系统功能损伤过程中，有效的神经干细胞体外增殖与多巴胺能神经元的定向诱导分化尤为关键。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。