定位环

This paper therefore examines the development of "the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city" through literature review depth-interview oral history and participant observation The concept frame is culture organism as the vertical axle and elements of a folklore activity as the transverse axle There are several significant findings about the general picture of this subject: During the late period of Japanese colonial era Tainan local people who played Peguan music learned Peking opera aria and tried to bring Peking opera aria into the folklore Pai-Chang which was one kind performance and traditional custom of Peguan music Some people who came from other places and played Peking opera aria had also known or learned "Pai-Chang" with touching Tainan local amateurs "Pai-Chang" used to be performed by amateurs for worship of god or goddess or for seasoning and wedding celebration without rewards Amateurs volunteered to perform "Pai-Chang" only for their duty temples and fraternity of Peking opera aria The majority of the audience is people who perform or like "Pai-Chang" or who live nearby There is a fixed pattern of the performance including the repertoire and the arrangement of the band The main meaning of this performace is to pray God's blessings therefore the procedure of "Ban-Hsian" is the most essential and ahead of Peking opera aria singing With time goes by the number of the amateurs has dropped; yet the demand for the worship ceremony remains; hence some of the amateurs have been trained to become professional performers Besides although the idea and the meaning of "Pai-Chang" remains the pattern of the performance has become simplified and rigid which is because of the performers' number decreasing and market adapting Nowadays the whole ecosystem of the folklore Pai-Chang of Peking opera aria in Tainan city keep changing which is mainly influenced by the transition of the society(such as the time and space of the industrial and commercial society being compressed and most people's pursuing of specialization and utilitarianism etc ) According to the findings in this paper the phenomenon can be regarded as the subject matter both of Peking opera and folklore studies For the studies of the Taiwanese culture however the subject not only enriches the subject matters of the Taiwanese culture(signifies the localization of Peking opera and a new pattern of Taiwanese folklore) but also reflects the characters of diversification integration adaptation and compromise of Taiwanese culture which used to be influenced by different regimes and the historical contexts Facing such a multicultural context this paper thus suggests researchers should show an open-minded attitude toward the complex of the Taiwanese culture studies and then important phenomenon would not be ignored or misunderstood

代表了什麼意义？对於上述疑惑，查既有研究成果，不消没有论述者，具体提即「京调排场」现象的可说没有，基於此，有必要对台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场，不管是语汇来由或者其现象本身，做一番研究。本研究透过文献、访谈、口述史、参与观察等方法，以文化有机体之纵的发展概念为经，以民俗表演之横切面各主客要素为纬，试图先对此文化现象调查并推论出一概貌：台南市民俗性京调排场的形成，是在京调传入台南，台南本地北管子弟改习或兼习京调后，结合北管音乐文化所固有的排场表演型态及民俗演出传统，融合而成，形成时间至迟在日治晚期。而一些不同时期的外来京调人士(如原本生长於其他地区、后移住台湾的票友，和中国大陆琴师等等)，也曾透过与当地子弟的接触，而习得或知晓「排场」语汇以及本地京调排场习俗者。此项音乐民俗表演在过往多由业余子弟於神诞或民众婚俗做寿时，对其有义务或交陪的庙宇及子弟间做酬酢性的演出，不收报酬；聆赏者多是京调同好与邻近民众，也有少数路过者；演出模式包括节目安排、乐队编制皆有一定；表演意涵上以「扮仙」祈求神明赐福人间最为重要，因此排仙必不可少，且一定先於京调演唱。随著时间推移，京调排场表演活动的各要素都有变动，惟变迁速度不一，大体而言，业余表演者锐减，人们对酬神娱神节目的需求仍在，因此一些过往的业余表演者遂逐渐转型为职业表演者。此外，虽然表演意涵不变，但在职业表演人员少、又要适应市场的情况下，表演模式亦逐渐流於简化、僵化。目前京调排场整体生态仍在转变的过程中，而这种变化应与工商社会时间空间的被压缩、事事追求专业化与尼Q化等因素有关。再者，据此概貌，在结论部分厘清其意义、定位以及其对台湾文化研究之启示。台南市及其周边之民俗性京调排场现象，可视为京剧研究与民俗研究的一环，然而对於台湾文化研究，除了其题材本身标志了京剧的本土化与台湾民俗活动之新类型，进一步扩充整体台湾文化研究的内容外，更重要的是现象背后所反映的台湾文化的多元融合与妥协适应取向。台湾的海岛地理位置与长期被不同文化背景政权所殖民的历史，其文化自然容易随社会环境改变而弹性适应变迁，呈现多元纷呈、多重覆叠的特色，因此展望未来，从事台湾文化研究应秉除单一观点，保持一定程度之开放与客观胸襟，方不忽视或误识更多重要的文化现象。

Neuronavigation can offer accurate location and measure . 2. 4 spaces of sellar area could be viewed and controlled satisfied via supraorbital keyhole approach .

结果：1、导航系统的实时定位功能非常好，误差较小，在测量过程中具有良好的持续准确性，本实验颅内的测量结果可靠。2、眶上&锁孔&入路可以通过鞍区常用的四个手术间隙到达靶区进行手术，对Willis环相关血管的显露和操作空间良好。

Eleven cases with osteoid osteomas were treated with CT-guided percutaneous excision. The location involved were femoral neck （6 cases ）, acetabulum （ 4 cases）, humeral neck.

首先对整个瘤巢采用2mm薄层扫描，选择穿过瘤巢中心的层面，以克氏针钻入，定位瘤巢中心，在套筒保护下用环钻沿导引针将整个瘤巢切除。

When carrying on outlaying and designing, we will solve and absorb the tedious miscellaneous matters by ourselves, provide worry free, time-saving, economize appointing document for the owner considering the conveniences of the following construction as well as join and need of the neighbor project.

在设计规划初期先充分了解现场环境外，充分和业主沟通了解整体规划案的布局和定位，在进行规划设计时，自行解决消化管繁琐杂事并考虑到后续施工单位的方便性以及邻居工程的衔接和需要，为业主提供省心、省时、省钱的委任案。

If Chengdus enterprises want to occupy the market in competition and attract consumers, they must have feasible policymaking, precise market positing and science management. The feasibility research is the important one of the project developed and operation and management in the early period of the real estate project.The feasibility demonstration is the solid base of investing project .

要想在这场竞争中占领市场，贏得消费者的亲睐，需要可行的投资决策、准确的市场定位以及科学的管理，而在房地产项目建设前期所进行的可行性论证是整个项目开发建设和经营管理过程中重要的一环。

A control scheme of micropositioner is proposed, two control methods are put forward: PID feedback control with BP neural network modeling in feedforward loopand fuzzy-PI sectionalized multimodal control

提出了微定位器的硬件控制方案，给出了两种控制方法：带有BP神经网络前馈环的PID控制方法和Fuzzv—PI多模态分段控制方法。

It is suggested that the axial location clearance of bearing outer ring should be minimized provided the assembly reliability can be reached.

对於采用卡环定位轮毂轴承，在满足可靠装配条件下，应尽可能减小轴向的配合间隙。

It is suggested that the axial location clearance of bearing outer ring should be minimized provided the assembly reliability can be reached.

对于采用卡环定位轮毂轴承，在满足可靠装配条件下，应尽可能减小轴向的配合间隙。

The rolling wheel of D51 rolling loop machine is fixed with an expansion ring and its axial locating accuracy is high so the processing difficult of rolling wheel is reduced.

D51型辗环机辗压轮系采用涨圈固定，轴向定位精度高，简化了辗压轮的机械加工；下支承轴端圆锥孔后面设有方孔，辗压辊与下支承轴的联接可靠，更换容易，减少了非生产性工作消耗，提高了劳动生产率。

It is understood that the Beijing Planning Second Road in the Green area of separation between the ring road and Luhuanlu for urban segregation and exurb, and its function as urban green ecological Central.

据了解，规划中的北京第二道绿化隔离地区位于五环路和六环路之间，用于隔离市区与卫星城，其功能定位为城市绿色生态环。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。