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In this paper, based on the idea of knowledge constructionism, a structural knowledge representation approach is proposed. The "Unit" is defined as the essential knowledge component, and ten types of units and relations between units are suggested.

本文以认知科学中的知识建构理论为基础提出了一种结构化知识表示方法，此方法以"单元"作为知识表示的基本结构模块，将单元划分为十种类型，并定义了单元之间的关系。

The set of diagnosable rules consist of all syntactic and semantic rules in this International Standard except for those rules containing an explicit notation that "no diagnostic is required" or which are described as resulting in "undefined behavior."

可诊断规则的集合包括除了被明确标记为"无需诊断"或描述为导致"未定义行为"的规则外，本国际标准中的所有语法和语义规则。

The third part is the judge method and its improvement method of a piece matrix is a diagonally dominant matrix: By using the Schur repair property of matrices, gives the sufficient and necessary conditions to judge a piece matrix be a diagonally dominant matrix.

第三部分为分块广义严格对角占优矩阵的判定方法及其改进：利用矩阵Schur补的性质，给出判定分块广义严格对角占优矩阵的充要条件，并利用逐次降阶的方法，使一个任意阶矩阵A逐次降为只需要利用定义判定一个矩阵是否满足要求，从而判定A是否是广义严格对角占优矩阵。

For radians, these functions are found in boost/units/cmath.hpp These behave as one expects, with trigonometric functions taking an angular quantity and returning a dimensionless quantity, while the inverse trigonometric functions take a dimensionless quantity and return an angular quantity

对于弧度，这些函数定义在 boost/units/cmath.hpp 。这些函数就像你想的那样，三角函数以弧度数量为参数返回一个无量纲数量，反三角函数以无量纲数量为参数返回一个弧度数量

A reasonable warmer winter indexin the framework of the three equiprobability categories(i.e.warmer,normal and colder categories)is proposed based on the winter temperature data observed at 565 stations in China during 1956-2005,where the IWWI is defined as the ratio of the station number of warmer category over the total number of stations.

利用全国565个台站1956-2005年冬季平均温度资料，将多年温度变化划分为偏暖、偏冷和正常三类等概率气候事件，由此给出了一个新的暖冬指数和暖冬的定义。结果表明：暖冬指数与中国冬季温度的变暖趋势相一致，并表现出显著的年代际变化特征，其变率分别为10%/10a和0.4℃/10a。近50a暖冬事件共计发生13次，其中近85%的暖冬发生在1986年以后。

Various methods such as the relationship of area, and the distance of the triangle to the centralness of three dots, the distance from the interior point, exterior point, the barycenter to the vertices of triangle, and the standard error and differences average obtained from three dots were determined with a dynamic geometry software GSP, and a statistic method was used to find a least error way to determine the centralness of three dots on a plane.

本研究是以平面上三点所构成的三角形之三顶点做讨论，分别以三角形的面积、周长，内心、外心和重心至三顶点距离，三点的标准差及平均差的概念，做为不同的判别方式，并以动态几何画板 GSP模拟不同的判断方法作为研究，再利用统计学上的方法，找出哪一种定义方式为最适合、误差最少的判断方法。

This dissertation investigates the construction of pseudo-random sequences (pseudo-random numbers) from elliptic curves and mainly analyzes their cryptographic properties by using exponential sums over rational points along elliptic curves. The main results are as follows:(1) The uniform distribution of the elliptic curve linear congruential generator is discussed and the lower bound of its nonlinear complexity is given.(2) Two large families of binary sequences are constructed from elliptic curves. The well distribution measure and the correlation measure of order k of the resulting sequences are studied. The results indicate that they are "good" binary sequences which give a positive answer to a conjecture proposed by Goubin et al.(3) A kind of binary sequences from an elliptic curve and its twisted curves over a prime field F_p. The length of the sequences is 4p. The "1" and "0" occur almost the same times. The linear complexity is at least one-fourth the period.(4) The exponential sums over rational points along elliptic curves over ring Z_ are estimated and are used to estimate the well distribution measure and the correlation measure of order k of a family of binary sequences from elliptic curves over ring Z_.(5) The correlation of the elliptic curve power number generator is given. It is proved that the sequences produced by the elliptic curve quadratic generator are asymptotically uniformly distributed.(6) The uniform distribution of the elliptic curve subset sum generator is considered.(7) We apply the linear feedback shift register over elliptic curves to produce sequences with long periods. The distribution and the linear complexity of the resulting sequences are also considered.

本文研究利用椭圆曲线构造的伪随机序列，主要利用有限域上椭圆曲线有理点群的指数和估计讨论椭圆曲线序列的密码性质——分布、相关性、线性复杂度等，得到如下主要结果：(1)系统讨论椭圆曲线-线性同余序列的一致分布性质，即该类序列是渐近一致分布的，并给出了它的非线性复杂度下界；(2)讨论两类由椭圆曲线构造的二元序列的"良性"分布与高阶相关性(correlation of order κ)，这两类序列具有"优"的密码性质，也正面回答了Goubin等提出的公开问题；(3)利用椭圆曲线及其挠曲线构造一类二元序列，其周期为4p(其中椭圆曲线定义在有限域F_p上)，0-1分布基本平衡，线性复杂度至少为周期的四分之一；(4)讨论了剩余类环Z_上的椭圆曲线的有理点的分布估计，并用于分析一类由剩余类环Z_上椭圆曲线构造的二元序列的伪随机性；(5)讨论椭圆曲线-幂生成器序列的相关性及椭圆曲线-二次生成器序列的一致分布；(6)讨论椭圆曲线-子集和序列的一致分布；(7)讨论椭圆曲线上的线性反馈移位寄存器序列的分布，线性复杂度等性质。

Additionally, considering the additive methods with one evaluation function, we give the range of weights that ensure the fixedness of alternatives rank by the limited conditions on evaluation functions making sure the rank invariability on alternatives.

该方法通过给出有限方案集的非劣方案、潜在最优方案、邻近潜在最优方案以及竞争方案等定义，以Euclidean空间的距离为测度，用可变参数的最小参数变化量来描述任意方案到当前最优方案间的距离，给出了以距离为基础的定量化敏感性指数，并以竞争方案到当前最优方案的距离来衡量当前最优方案的敏感性。

This paper gives a mathematical definition to that two open planar curves have the same shape based on curvature representation, therefore, a new kind of shape distance is proposed. It is concluded that the problem of computing the shape distance between two open planar curves can be changed to the problem of a functional extremum, and the differential equation is given, which can be used to figure out the shape distance.

本文为基于曲率表示的两条平面开曲线的等形下了严格的数学定义，从而找到了一种新的形状距离度量，并且证明了这种形状距离的计算问题可以转化为一个泛函的极值问题，同时给出了求解形状距离的微分方程。

Aimed to two major problems: one is not decidable and the other is no clear semantics. We construct a framework with explicit representation and formal semantics of goalsgoal description logics, which integrates two types of goals: declarative goals and procedural goals into one concept based on description logics. In addition, the goal plan is defined and analyzed, and some reasoning problems, such as goal consistency and goal satisfiability, are discussed. Contrary to traditional ways of goal description, GDLs can bridge the gap between theory and practice in a natural way.

针对传统的目标描述中存在的不可判定性以及没有清晰的语义等问题，在描述逻辑(description logics，DLs)上，将宣称型和过程型2种类型的目标描述有机地整合在一起，从而构建了具有清晰语义与可判定性的形式化框架--目标描述逻辑(goal description logics， GDLs)，在此基础上，定义了该框架下有关规划规则；建立了可用于判定目标一致性、目标可满足性的方法，与传统的目标描述方法相比，目标描述逻辑为主体领域模型提供了一种更有力的形式化工具，同时为智能主体的模型和设计提供了很好的理论工具。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。