官僚的

In a detailed historical narrative, we explain the process bringing China from the multi-principal governing model to the single-principal governing model in the Qin and Han dynasties. The bureaucratization of traders and the extinction of paladins were the main causes for this transformation.

在此基础上，通过对秦汉之际多委托人治理结构向单一委托人治理结构转变的各项特征事实的分析和模型推演，本文厘清了中国何以走上并锁定在以安全为导向的单一委托人治理形态的初始条件，认为商人的官僚化将社会资源控制力从非主流治理集团牢牢吸纳并控制在主流治理者集团之内，此举消除了各类游侠生存发展的经济基础，对游侠的打击削弱了非主流治理集团的暴力依凭，汉朝以降各大一统时代均不能形成长期独立于政权之外的有规模暴力，是新的治理竞争者不能长期存在从而打破单一委托人治理形态的重要原因。

I didn't realize that the biggest obstacle to political and social progress wasn't the Free Masons, or the Establishment, or the boot heel of whatever you consider the man to be, it was something much subtle. As the provost just referred to, a combination of our own indifference and the Kafkaesque labyrinth of you encounter as people vanish down the corridors of bureaucracy.

我本来不知道那组挡政治和社会进步的最大阻力，不是那些不受控制的石匠或是国家统治集团，或是任何你以为是的一些穿有跟靴子的家伙，而是一些更奥秘多了的东西：就像刚刚院长提到的，一种我们的漠不关心和当人们消失在官僚机构的走廊时，你遭遇到的一种类似卡夫卡小说情境中的迷宫感，两者互相结合。

According to the textual research of such scholars as Qigong,"lijia" means the person who is laic, non-professional and unskillful. Thereby,"lijiahua" can be regarded as this kind of painting. Qian Xuan and Zhao Mengfu compared the "lijiahua" with "intellectuals painting", and the intellectuals refer to the officials in the government.

按照启功等前辈的考证，&戾家&意指外行的、无师承的、非专门的、不精通的人，&戾家画&可指为脱略常法、无师承、有违绘画法则的画作，是一种业余水平的绘画；钱选和赵孟頫将&戾家画&与&士夫画&想对应，&士夫&应指在位的文人官僚。

In a word, powerful clan in West and East Han dynasties built and kept clan power, completed step by step the transition from civil society to clan society through the development of powerful clan, especially the patriarchalism of powerful clan, thus forming the foundation of Shi Zu society of Wei and Jindynasties.

第三章 豪族的宗族化进程与汉代社会结构的演变两汉是宗族势力的复苏和重建，在一定程度上取决于豪族势力通过政治联结，逐步控制汉代政治的运行，出现&累世公卿&的名门望族，即豪族的官僚和宗族化来实现的。

For we offer, besides ourselves, a position that has not grown old under the weight of a gigantic, parasitic bureaucracy, a position untempered by the doctoral dissertations of a generation of Ph.D.s in social architecture, unattenuated by a thousand vulgar promises to a thousand different pressure groups, uncorroded by a cynical contempt for human freedom.

我们提供了一个超越我们自己的场所，巨大的寄生官僚系统的重压没有让她衰老，一个世代的社会工程博士的学术论文没有让她污染，对千万个压力集团许下的千万个恶俗承诺没有让她衰败，对人类自由的嘲讽和敌意没有让她腐朽。

Corruption is biting into everyone's purse as petty officials, communist bureaucrats, soldiers and policemen, middlemen and hucksters greedily siphon off anything they can stuff into their own pockets. The protests that rocked the communist government in 1989 were in part fueled by popular resentment of endemic financial chicanery.

腐败者把手伸进了每个人的口袋，一些卑鄙的官员，共产党的官僚，士兵、中间商和小贩贪婪的把所有能攫取的东西都塞进了自己的口袋。1989年那次震动共产党政府的游行示威一部分原因就是公众对于地方的金融欺诈严重不满。

The bureaucratic organization, to be specifically, has the exactness to deal with the complexity, because it is based on the rational principles, and comes by rational calculation; It has the stability because it is based on the stable rules and hierarchy structure; It has the "reliability" on implementation of administrative goals, because personal factors are removed, the probability of making mistakes is minished under the strict "discipline" and appointment of qualified employees.

具体地说，在应对复杂性上，官僚制组织是按照理性的原则建立起来的，其组织分工和工作程序都是经过理性算计的，更具有&精确性&；以稳定的规章制度和稳固的科层制结构为基础，具有&稳定性&；由于排除管理中的人格因素，严格按照&纪律&来推行工作，就相对减小了工作出错的概率；任用经过培训的合格人员，按照专业分工将复杂的事务分解开来，因而在实现规定的行政目标方面，具有&可靠性&。

The domestic instability and foreign aggression of the turbulent Late Tang inspired Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and other the literati to dispose of the florid and parallel writing style favored since the Six Dynasties (220-589) and propose a revival of pre-Han prose.

所谓古文运动，是唐代中叶在文体上恢复先秦两汉的文章传统，唐代中叶，社会危机日趋严重，藩镇割据，宦官擅权，朋党之争，以及吐蕃、回纥的侵扰，这种内忧外患的现实情景，让当时有良知的官僚士大夫，倍感六朝以来的浮艳文风成为了表达见解的束缚，韩愈、柳宗元等人首倡复兴先秦两汉自由质朴的文风。

Also called princedoms and princes, these angels are the first of the choirs most concerned with the earth and are traditionally declared to have the roles of caretakers over every nation, province, county, district, city, town, village, and house, working with the guardian angels, who are assigned to every spot and person; while this seems to be bureaucratic doubling of angelic activity, it can be argued that guardian angels function as the personal angelic protectors, while the principalities are the administrative or technical writers.

他们也被称为王子的领土或王子的称号。这些天使是天使层级中对地球最关注的，传统上认为他们有看管者的角色，看管着每个国家、每个省份、每个郡、行政区、城市、市镇、村庄和房子，与被指派给每个地方和每个人的守护天使一起共事；看来似乎是官僚政治加倍了天使的活跃性，而权天使是属于管理或者是技术方面的作者。

Bureaucratic pressures and heightened fears of territorial claims against Hungary after the creation of new nation-states in the Balkans forced Tisza to outlaw "national agitation" and to use electoral legerdemain to deprive the minorities of representation.

巴尔干半岛上新的民族国家成立后，官僚机构的压力以及对不断高涨的针对匈牙利领土要求的恐惧，迫使提萨将&民族骚动&视为非法并利用选举上的欺骗手段去剥夺少数民族的代表人进入议会的资格。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。