宗族

As a poorhouse of a clan,yi-zhuang is the result of social conflicts in chinese feudal society.

论文摘要义庄作为一种封建社会的宗族救济机构，是中国封建社会中后期社会矛盾发展的产物。

The reason why the death of the father delivered the son from the bondage of the family was the son''s capacity for becoming himself the head of a new family and the founder of a new Patria Potestas; no such capacity was possessed by the woman and therefore she was never enfranchised.

父的死亡所以能使子免除家族束缚，其理由是为了子已有能力成为一个新的宗族首领和一个新"家父权"的始创者；这类能力是妇女所没有的，所以她就永远不能被解放。

The examples of succession by Primogeniture which were found among the Benefices may, therefore, have been imitated from a system of family-government known to the invading races, though not in general use.

因此，在"采地"中所发现的"长子继承权"的继承事例可能是从入侵种族的一种宗族政府制度模仿来的，这种家族政府制度曾为入侵种族所知道，但并不是普遍适用的。

Still have I borne it with a patient shrug for suff'rance is the badge of all our tribe.

我只是耸耸肩，也觉得没什么，然而这痛苦却烙印在我们这宗族里。

Raphael said to him:＂Do you not remember your father's orders?

天使对他说：＂你不记得你父亲命你从你宗族中娶妻的命令吗！

Send men to reconnoiter the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites. You shall send one man from each ancestral tribe, all of them princes.

你要派遣一些人去窥探我要赐给以色列子民的客纳罕地；每一宗族支派应派遣一人去，个个都应是他们中的领袖。

By means of Hua, filial duty is assimilated into the ceremony of ancestor worship, enabling the ceremony to bear the function of filial education; by means of cultivation, the individual gains the filial concept and behavior; the blood ties will be sustained and the unity and identification of the family members will be strengthened in the way of converting filial duty into the love, the respectfulness, the support and the worship to parents and the activities of repairing the clan temple and continuing the family tree. Finally, filial duty coming into the different forms of reading, playing and writing scripture finishes the entire society\'s integration and sustains the social stability.4. It is because the Bai People group passes on the filial duty in the principle of Cheng that the filial duty still has an effect on the individual, the family and the society.

通过"化"，孝道融入了祭祀祖先的仪式中，使该仪式具备了孝道教育的功能：通过"化"，个体获得了孝道的观念和行为；将"孝道"化为对父母的爱、敬、养、祭，以及修祠、续谱的活动中，就可以稳固血缘家庭关系，增强宗族成员彼此之间的认同、团结和凝集力；最后，孝道"化"到莲池会的诵经、洞经会的谈经和圣谕堂的写经活动中，完成了对整个社会的整合，维持了社会的稳定。4、孝道之所以仍旧在白族的个体、家庭、社会中发挥作用，是因为他们在传承孝道时，本着"诚"的原则。

RUAN Yunxing:interactaion between Time and space in culture and cultural reproduction:historical anthropology and resurvey of the history of Yixu Lineage

阮云星/黄晖菲：文化怎样界定历史：福建宗族村落史田野反思

So that on failing to execute an operative Testament, a Roman of the era under examination left his emancipated children absolutely without provision, while, on the assumption that he died childless, there was imminent risk that his possessions would escape from the family altogether, and devolve on a number of persons with whom he was merely connected by the sacerdotal fiction that assumed all members of the same gens to be descended from a common ancestor.

因此，如果没有一个有效的"遗命"，在我们所考察的这一个时期中的一个罗马人就将使其解放之子绝对得不到什么权利，另一方面，既然假定他在死亡时没有子嗣，则他的宗族就有完全失去其财产而使财产传诸于另外一些人的迫切危险，这些人和他的关系仅仅是由于祭司的拟制，假定凡是同族的全部成员都是来自一个共同祖先。

Because of the gradually advancing, the traditional Wushus cultural system took shape in the activity in traditional Wushu culture and education, makes its education pass the characteristic with advancing gradually of forming of the activity content on, have formed its basic shape of regarding passing on in the clan , schism and sectionalize

在传统武术文化教育传承活动中，由于传统武术文化体系形成的渐进性，使其教育传承活动内容的形成具备了渐进性的特征，并形成了以宗族、宗派和门户性教育传承为其基本形态，以师徒传承为其基本传承方式，以武德教育为其传承核心，以武术私学教育为其主体教学活动的一系列特征。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。