宗教家

The article mainly discusses North Mountain branch of Jahriya Saintly Linage during the period between later Qing dynasty and Republican China.

本文运用历史文献考据法，人类学的田野调查方法，宗教社会学的方法等，重点研究1889年到1949年间张家川哲赫忍耶门宦的支派宣化冈的经济特征。

1St Week: A general introduction to the nature and contents of the course; an investigation of students' acquired knowledge of literature in general; a brief introduction to African-American literature 2nd and 3rd Weeks: Rediscovering an Invisible Culture (Why Black culture had been unknown and unobserved for several decades; how it came to be rediscovered ) 4th to 6th Weeks: Double Consciousness (the marginal perspective in Language, Oral Culture, Folklore and Religion); Reading representative works by three Black writers of racial consciousness: Douglass, Washington and Bu Bois 7th to 9th Weeks: Minstrelsy (Imitation, Parody and Travesty in Black-White interaction rituals 1830--1920); Reading the novel about the Black life: Uncle Tom's Cabin 10th to 12th Weeks: Social Mobility and Cultural Stigma: The case of Chicago Jazz 1920--1930; Reading poems by Hughes and novels by Wright 13th to 15th Weeks: Oral Tradition and the Quest for Literacy: The crisis of Black writers from Philips Wheatley to Ralph Ellison; Reading the masterpiece of Ellison 16th to 18th Weeks: Contemporary Afro-American Culture: the sixties and seventies (efforts on reconstructing the Black identiy and Black history); Reading novels by Morrison

第1周：介绍课程性质、内容，了解学生相关文学背景，简要概括黑人文学历史第2-3周：再现黑人文化（黑人文化长期被掩盖的事实和原因，重新被发现的原因和过程）第4-6周：双重意识（语言、吟唱文学、民俗民谣、宗教的边缘化），阅读黑人种族意识三代伟大启蒙家道格拉斯、华盛顿、杜波伊斯的代表作第7-9周：吟游文学（黑人与白人的文化互动过程中的模仿、戏仿、曲仿），阅读第一部反映黑人生活的小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》第10-12周：社会动荡与文化耻辱（芝加哥爵士乐的兴起、流行和影响），阅读休斯和赖特的代表作第13-15周：口头文学传统与争取教育权利的斗争（从惠特利到埃里森的黑人作家危机），阅读拉尔夫·埃里森的代表作第16-18周：六、七十年代以来的美国黑人文化（重建身份和重建历史的努力），阅读莫里森的代表作每位参加该课程学习的学生均须严格出勤，按时完成学读任务，每学期主持两次小型（10分钟）学术报告，第一次针对老师推荐的作家作品做一个专题报告，第二次针对自己的学期研究计划做一个选题前瞻性和可行性报告。

Weinberg, ed., Instead of Violence; JC Wenger, Pacifism and Biblical Nonresistance; JH Yoder, Nevertheless: Varieties of Religious Pacifism, The Original Revolution, and The Politics of Jesus.

温伯格，教育署，而不是暴力；温格， JC ，和平与圣经不抵抗；家厂家优化，不过：品种的宗教和平，原来的革命，和政治的耶稣。

When Wills are understood to have this for their original object, we see at once how it is that they came to be connected with one of the most curious relics of ancient religion and law, the sacra, or Family Rites.

当我们对于"遗嘱"的原来目的作出这样的理解，我们也就立即可以看到，为什么"遗嘱"会同古代宗教和法律最古怪遗物之一的家祭联系在一起。

Radical religious nationalism, shrewdly exploited by Bush administration strategists, has become a strong force in American politics.

极端宗教民族主义被布什当局的策略家巧妙加与利用，已经成为美国政治中的一支强大力量。

Evelyn Waugh was a world-class snob and social climber, an aesthete whose rigid religious convictions were rarely matched by their practical application.

伊夫林。沃夫则是一位世界级的冒牌绅士和趋炎附势之人，同时也是一位审美家，他那坚定的宗教信仰几乎不曾与它们的实际应用相一致。

This practice–based on Sulu Moro interpretations of jihad –consisted of elaborate dedication and purification rites conducted with family and religious authorities.

这个实践基础上对苏鲁摩洛诠释圣战组织-包括详细的献身精神和纯化仪轨进行，与家人和宗教当局。

Most late-stage religions distrust mystics and lock them up in monasteries or hermitages; they rightly fear the renewing but disruptive effect of theophany.

多数后期宗教不信任神秘家，将他们锁在寺院或是隐修所里；他们正确地畏惧见神体验所带来的新生但却具有破坏性地效果。

The creators in the primitive Daoism longed for the fulfillment of the earthly kingdom where everybody could be alive for ever and ever, therefore they uprose against the government of the kings in the Weijin Dynasties.

玄学家们从过去的典籍所内含的事实中而不是从自己的人生体验中创立了广义玄学。广义玄学是魏晋人日常生活的哲学化形式，道教是其日常生活的准宗教化形式。

The revivalists of yesteryear came up with their own list, but it was basically the same threat:"Do or die."

昨日的宗教复兴运动家们，自己订立要遵行的事项，但其基本上有相同的威胁："去作，否则死。"

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了