宗教和政治的

However, at Yuan dynasty and earlier Ming dynasty, Muslin distributed over all china and gather partly. Muslin who gather together in Nanjing and the station of special economy, politics and culture had brought up Zhangzhong (born at Suzhou, studing at Nanjing), Wangdaiyu, Liuzhi, Mazhu, Jintianzhu, etc, who are familiar with four religions and are scholar of Jingling school of thought of Chinese Islamism .They deeply thought of theirselves'nationality and their religion by highly sense of historical mission and sense of duty. They initiated"explaining Alcoran with Confusion"movement. The movement and it's practice essencely is the talk, interflow and mix between Islam civilization and Chinsese Confusion idea.

然而，元及明前期穆斯林的大分散与小集中、金陵城下穆斯林的大集中以及明清之际南京地区特殊的区域经济、政治、文化地位催生了张中(虽是苏州人，但是学在南京)、王岱舆、刘智、马注、金天柱等"四教兼通"的"中国伊斯兰教金陵学派"的学者，他们以高度的历史使命感和责任感，开始了对本民族及其所信仰宗教在我国存在与发展的深沉思考，并发起了"以儒诠经"运动，"以儒诠经"运动及其实践就其本质而言是伊斯兰文明和中国儒家文明历史上的一次重要对话、交流与融合。

There he continued to write, teach, and appeal to an ever broadening circle of political and ecclesiastical adherents of Arianism.

在那里，他继续写作，教书，并呼吁以一个不断扩大的圆圈政治和宗教的信徒们的

The scope of marriage. Historically, there is endogamy and exogamy, initially only blood relatives in order to exclude inter-marriage, entered class society after an increase of political and religious colors, modern society restriction on the scope of marriage has become increasingly smaller.

通婚范围。历史上有内婚制与外婚制，最初只是为了排除血缘亲属间的婚姻，进入阶级社会以后则增加了政治和宗教的色彩，现代社会中对通婚范围的限制已经越来越小。

Whether it is an action in a ritual or a motif in a narrative, no element could be formed and transformed without the geographic, economic, political and religious contextual influences.

无论是仪式中的行为，还是叙事中的母题元素，无一不是因地理、经济、政治以及宗教信仰等原因而形成和发展起来的。

Part two introduces the content of Marcus Garvey's black nationalism from politics, economy, religion and culture aspects; on this basis, analyze its traits.

第二部分：从政治、经济、宗教、文化四个方面来分析加维的黑人民族主义思想的具体内容；同时，简要概括加维黑人民族主义思想的特点：综合性、群众性和非暴力原则。

In that article, the uppermost value-goal of human rights is put forward by Marx. That is the liberation of people. And this paper discusses on the Characteristics of Marx's On The Jewish Question, such as the animadversion on divinity, the hankerer for the harmoniousness between individuals and groups, and the ideality for the liberation of people.

本文试图揭示马克思在《论》中所体现的主要批判原则和价值立场，包括：批判宗教神学的历史唯物主义原则，批判政治、市民社会二元化中所体现的对个体与类和谐统一的追求及以人为基本价值取向的人类解放理想，对我们今天的马克思研究具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。

In Chapter 6,the author exposed thechallenge of Islamic Fundamentalism to nationalism combining with theory of nationalism andpolitical standpoint of thinkers on Islamic Fundamentalism,this challenge embodied three kinds ofcontradiction,namely religious identity and national identity,the God's sovereignty and statesovereignty,secularization and Islamization.

第六章，结合民族主义理论和伊斯兰原教旨主义思想家的政治主张，从宗教认同与民族认同、真主主权与国家主权、伊斯兰化与世俗化道路三个方面的矛盾，揭示了伊斯兰原教旨主义对民族主义的思想挑战。

Generally speaking, the evolutions of the relationship are characterized by the following:(1) Pro-Arab and anti-Israeli is a main thread in the evolutions of this relationship;(2) Whether launching the nonalignment policy becomes an important criteria in judging their relationship;(3) The developing tendency has made the transition from Idealism to realism come true;(4) The relation "core" now has changedfrom Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s, Iraq and Iran in the 1970s to the current multi polar;(5) The important economic feature in their relationship is the imbalances between imports and exports;(6) Different attitudes on Pakistan are important developing features of the relationship between them.

印度通过不结盟政策加强与中东国家的团结与合作，独立自主地处理与中东国家关系，对中东事务的是非曲直做出自己独立的判断，为维护印度的国家利益以及实现对外战略目标，采取相应的对策。(3)维护印度的国家利益，保证印度的主权和领土完整得到尊重，是印度中东政策的立足点。由于中东的战略地位、石油资源、地缘政治、宗教信仰等关系到印度的国家安全和国家利益，因此，发展与中东的友好关系，谋求和维护印度的国家利益，是印度中东外交政策的立足点。(4)扮演"有声有色"大国角色是印度中东政策的首要目标。

There is some evidence that the races which were subsequently united under the Persian monarchy, and those which peopled the peninsula of India, had all their heroic age and their era of aristocracies; but a military and a religious oligarchy appear to have grown up separately, nor was the authority of the king generally superseded.

有些证据证明，后来结合在波斯王朝统治下的各个民族以及散居在印度半岛上的各个民族，都有其英雄时代和贵族政治时代；但是在它们那里，分别产生了军事的寡头政治和宗教的寡头政治，而国王的权威则一般并没有被取而代之。

In Tagore's verse, life and one of its sex are a happiness reason.

他的散文的内容主要是社会、政治和教育，他的诗歌，除了其中的宗教内容外，最主要的是描写自然和生命。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。