宗教和政治的

The wave of globalization has brought not only chances to the national politial security of our country,but also severe challenges. The nations sovereign principles are lashed; The infiltration of the weastern ideology has become more and more violent; Democratic politics construction is facing great political pressure; Divisionist of the nation, extreme reliogionist and terrorist exercises are still rempant.

全球化浪潮在为我国政治安全带来机遇的同时，也提出了严重挑战：国家主权原则受到冲击；西方意识形态渗透加剧；民主政治建设面临巨大政治压力；民族分裂、宗教极端和恐怖主义势力活动猖獗。

Especially Deng Xiaoping's explanation of principle on relation between socialist society and religion, and document formed on basic opinion and policy of socialist society's religion issue according to Deng Xiaoping's thoughts, which further deepened the understanding of religion issue. All these set up a basic foundation of policy and theory for resolving the issue of socialist society's religion. Part Three: The time background, historical course, policy connotation and theory value of the judgment of actively guiding religion adapting to socialist society Putting forward this judgment has serious era background.

它是冷战结束后，宗教在世界政治和国际关系中的影响凸现，西方势力加紧利用宗教对中国进行渗透活动，国内改革开放和社会主义市场经济进一步发展，党和国家实施调动一切积极因素的总方针，宗教界人士和信教群众积极投身于社会主义市场经济建设，同时，宗教领域也出现了一些新情况、新问题，要求党和国家进一步制定和实施更加符合我国宗教国情的宗教工作的指导方针，使宗教更好地与社会主义社会相适应的时代背景下提出的。

Kyrgyzstan\'s political transformation is theresult of series complex factors,As the interactional relationship of politics andecnomics,economical factors is the basic factors,traditional political cultural,whichresults in the negative factors of the countury\'s democratical politicaltransformation,is the main factor of non-institutionalism of political transforming.national relationship and religional extremelist are another importantfactors,which have an impact on steady environment and building of nationalcountries;Kyrgyzstan\'s political transformation,which drops into the dilemma ofblind imitation,is influenced by external powersIt\'s concluded six points by summarizing the efforts of Kyrgyzstan\'sdemocratical political transformation.at the same time,bringing forward my ownopinions about our country towards the academic development of western politics andthe experience of Kyrgyzstan\'s political transformation.

吉尔吉斯斯坦政治转型是一系列内外综合因素互为作用的结果。就政治与经济的互动关系而言，经济因素无疑是影响吉政治转型的基本动因；传统政治文化是导致吉民主化政治转型中出现恶质因素，政治运作非制度化的重要动因；民族关系和宗教极端势力是影响吉政治转型所需和谐稳定环境以及民族国家建构的另一重要因素；吉政治转型陷入盲从模仿及摇摆不定的困境在很大程度上与外部势力的影响不无关系。结语通过吉尔吉斯斯坦民主化政治转型绩效的总结分析得出了本文研究的六点结论；同时就西方政治发展理论与吉尔吉斯斯坦政治转型实践的悖论给予中国的启示提出了自己的看法。

Through the static analysis, we think that traditional power is a protogenetic power; Tibetan Buddhism is a peculiar religion form that Indian Buddhism blended into the indigenous culture of Tibetan, it has doctrine, sandhana, ceremony and so on, and forms the religion power of worshipping living Buddha as base. The state power forms in the patriarchal clan system society, but it is thought political coercive power, even violence in the XunHua Tibetan area.

通过静态的分析，我们认为传统部落权力依靠循化藏区内对传统部落制度的文化价值认同的惯性得以维持和延续，是一种原生的权力形态；藏传佛教是印度佛教融入到藏族本土文化之中形成的一种独特的宗教形态，具有教义、修行到仪轨等一整套神秘主义的色彩和强化宗教认同的神圣化的意识形态，由此形成了以活佛崇拜为基础的宗教权力；王朝国家权力形成于以汉族为主体的宗法社会之中，它的强制力的一面依靠传统的宗法制度而被塑造成具有神权色彩的政治权威，然而在循化藏区由于文化认同的关系，王朝国家的政治权威被还原为政治强制力乃至于暴力。

The movement of New Christian Rights means American religion , especially those religionary conservatives who participate political and social issues actively in New Christian.

新基督教右翼运动，是指美国宗教，特别是基督教新教中一些积极参与政治事务和社会事务的宗教保守派。

We also need to find a secure base within ourselves –a reassuring thought, religious or political beliefs, an image or an activity to comfort us when we feel bad (eg. Hot baths, warm duvets, a favorite book or piece of music, food or drink).

同时我们需要在自己身上找到安全基础——也许是一些安慰人鼓舞人的思想，或一些宗教的或政治的信念，或只是一些让我们感到舒适的想象和活动（比如SPA、温暖的棉被、一本喜欢的书、一首乐曲、食物与饮料）。

The existence of outer power stayed in Arab world destroys union of geography, society, economy, culture and spirits of Arab world, separates the connection of different regions, obstacles development of Arab unity movement which is thought to be outer factors. However, deeper reasons should be found in inner world. Inner reasons include that political structure of Arab world and deeply dispute weakens the base of Pan-Arabism movement. In local region, the thoughts of Religious Minorities and Sectarianism deny and destroy Arab nationalism movement and its premise-the sincerity of country. Some non-Arab nations pursuit the unity of theirs own not the whole Arab nations. Regional Nationalism and Islamism obstacle the development of Pan-Arab unity movement Weak sovereignty of Arab countries and diverse political rules weaken the political base of movement of Pan-Arab unity. Unbalance of economy, culture and base of society between different regions also lag the unified movement.

内因包括：阿拉伯世界的政治结构和王朝间的利益纷争削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的群众基础和民族基础；在局部地区，宗教少数派及其宗派主义思想不断地否定和破坏阿拉伯民族主义运动及其前提——对祖国的忠诚；阿拉伯世界中一些非阿拉伯民族的独立诉求挑战地区的统一；地区民族主义和伊斯兰主义阻碍了泛阿拉伯统一运动的开展；孱弱的国家主权限制了阿拉伯国家在民族事务上的能动性，而多样的政治体制则削弱了泛阿拉伯统一的政治建构基础；阿拉伯各地区或国家间经济、文化和社会发展的不平衡以及整体上的滞后削弱了泛阿拉伯统一运动的经济、文化和社会基础，等等。

This outlook needs to be seen within the historical context of eighteenth century Scotland, where the legacy of religious civil war, combined with the relatively recent memory of the 1715 and 1745 Jacobite risings, fostered in a historian such as Hume a distaste for enthusiasm and factionalism that appeared to threaten the fragile and nascent political and social stability of a country that was deeply politically and religiously divided.

这种看法需要放到18世纪英格兰的历史情境中来理解，在18世纪的英格兰，宗教内战的传统，再加上对相对较近的1715年和1745年的詹姆斯二世叛乱的记忆，促成了休谟这样的历史学家对威胁国家稳定性的狂热与党派之争的厌恶，在政治和宗教上苏格兰深受深度分裂之害，新生的政治与社会稳定性十分脆弱。

Religious sentiment and religious activism have sparked some of our most powerful political movements, from abolition to civil rights to the prairie populism of William Jennings Bryan.

宗教情绪和宗教激进主义一直促进着一些我们最有力的政治活动，从堕胎、公民权利到威廉。

Chinese communist party enlightened farmers to abandon Bodhisattva. It implemented free policy of religious belief in which required everyone must conform to the law of people's law, and people believing in or infidel religion had their freedom. It also put forward the principle on which communist party could establish unite line of reversing imperialism and feudalism in political activity, unite line could also include some spiritualists and followers of religion.

在新民主主义革命时期，以毛泽东为代表的中国共产党人，把马克思主义宗教观的基本理论同中国宗教的具体国情相结合，启发农民自己&丢菩萨&；实行了&只要遵守人民政府的法律，信教的和不信教的各有他们的自由&的宗教信仰自由政策；提出了共产党人&可以和某些唯心论者甚至宗教徒建立在政治行动上的反帝反封建的统一战线&的原则，成功地解决了革命根据地的宗教问题。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了