宗教上的

Let us settle ourselves, and work and wedge our feet downward through the mud and slush of opinion, and prejudice, and tradition,and delusion, and appearance, that alluvion which covers the globe,through Paris and London, through New York and Boston and Concord,through Church and State, through poetry and philosophy and religion, till we come to a hard bottom and rocks in place, which we can call reality, and say, This is, and no mistake; and then begin,having a point d'appui, below freshet and frost and fire, a place where you might found a wall or a state, or set a lamp-post safely,or perhaps a gauge, not a Nilometer, but a Realometer, that future ages might know how deep a freshet of shams and appearances had gathered from time to time.

让我们定下心来工作，并用我们的脚跋涉在那些污泥似的意见、偏见、传统、谬见与表面中间，这蒙蔽全地球的淤土啊，让我们越过巴黎、伦敦、纽约、波士顿、康科德，教会与国家，诗歌，哲学与宗教，直到我们达到一个坚硬的底层，在那里的岩盘上，我们称之为现实，然后说，这就是了，不错的了，然后你可以在这个point d'appui 之上，在洪水、冰霜和火焰下面，开始在这地方建立一道城墙或一个国土，也许能安全地立起一个灯柱，或一个测量仪器，不是尼罗河水测量器了，而是测量现实的仪器，让未来的时代能知道，谎骗与虚有其表曾洪水似的积了又积，积得多么深哪。

It is among the truths believed to be self-evident by the followers of all religions that godlessness is equivalent to amorality and that ethics requires the underpinning presence of some sort of ultimate arbiter, some sort of supernatural absolute, without which secularism, humanism, relativism, hedonism, liberalism and all manner of permissive improprieties will inevitably seduce the unbeliever down immoral ways.

要知道所有的宗教追随者，都认为这是不证自明的：那就是不承认神的存在，就等同于缺乏道德观念。而且伦理需要有某种形式的最终仲裁者，某种形式的超自然的绝对存在作为支柱支撑着。如果没有这支柱存在，那么世俗主义，人权主义，相对主义，享乐主义，自由主义以及所有的无拘束的不当行为，会不可避免地将非教徒引上堕落的道路。

To emphasize it gives the apologist several advantages:(1) Inquirers sometimes tell us that there is no point in investigating Christianity, for if they did that, they would also have to investigate all the other religions, philosophies, and ideologies in the history of thought – an impossible task, to be sure.

强调基督教位格性的世界观，能给护教者们带来几方面的好处﹕(1)有些慕道朋友对我们说﹕「探索基督教是毫无意义的，因为若要进行这样的探索，我们必需同时研究思想史上所有其他的哲学、宗教与意识型态，这当然是不可能的。

This search for truth cannot be accomplished entirely on one's own, but inevitably involves help from others and trust in knowledge that one receives from others.

在此基础上，"其它宗教对教会构成了积极的挑战——激励教会去发现和重新认同基督的临在、圣神的行动。从而，深入自身的身份、见证造福于全人类的启示的完整"。

It is appropriate to ground contemporary analysis of this issue in the pioneering work of Murray, since, in the words of Cardinal Bernardin,"o single figure in American history has had greater impact on how Catholics conceive of the relationship between religion and politics."

将这一论题的当代分析奠基于Murray的先驱性著作之上是适宜的，因为用Cardinal Bernardin的话说，"在美国的历史上，关于基督教如何构建宗教与政治之间的关系，没有哪个人［比他］有更大的影响"。

Italian secular music of this time ( what little surviving liturgical music there is, is similar to the French except for somewhat different notation) feature what was has been called the cantilena style, with a florid top voice supported by two (or even one; a fair amount of Italian Trecento music is for only two voices) that are more regular and slower moving.

该时期具有特征的意大利世俗音乐（仅存的宗教音乐除了在记谱法上稍有不同，其他的都与法国的类似）被称为cantalian风格，这种风格有着由两个声部（或者甚至只有一个声部，相当多的意大利Trecento音乐只有2个声部）支撑着的一个华丽的高声部，这些支撑声部的旋律进行更均匀和慢速。

This, indeed, ever since Luther's famous tract, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520) had been the main point of the Protestant assault, in this sense, that what was challenged here was what every man could appreciate immediately, namely, the actual practice of the religion instituted by Christ our Lord.

这确实，自从路德著名的道，巴比伦圈养的教会（ 1520 ）一直是主要的新教的攻击，在这个意义上说，这是什麼挑战，在这里就是每个人可以欣赏立即，即实际实践基督宗教所建立我们的上帝。

This law--which may not be a law of the ninth General Council at all, but a regulation of one of Urban II's provincial councils that appears in the list of 1123 by some confusion--is often regarded as the first beginning of the new rule in these matters that makes the contracting of marriage impossible for clerics in holy orders.

这项法律-这可能不是一个法律大会第九届理事会所有，但管理一个城市二世的省议会出现在名单中1123年的一些混乱-往往被视为第一个进入新规则在这些问题上，使订约的婚姻不可能在神圣的宗教命令。

Towards the end of the 15th century, polyphonic sacred music(as exemplified in the masses of Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht) had once again become more complex, in a manner that can perhaps be seen as correlating to the stunning detail in the painting at the time.

接近15世纪晚期的时候，复调宗教音乐（比如说Johannes Ockeghem和 Jacob Obrecht所作的弥撒曲）又再一次变得复杂，某种程度上来说有可能是因为它在当时，被看成是与表现出令人惊奇细节的绘画艺术的一种关联艺术。

Towards the end of the 15th century, polyphonic sacred music(as exemplified in the masses of Johannes Ockeghem and Jacob Obrecht) had once again become more complex, in a manner that can perhaps be seen as correlating to the stunning detail in the painting at the time.

I4 j《读者》杂志官方论坛，读者文章阅读交流——读者出版集团期刊论坛接近15世纪晚期的时候，复调宗教音乐（比如说Johannes Ockeghem和 Jacob Obrecht所作的弥撒曲）又再一次变得复杂，某种程度上来说有可能是因为它在当时，被看成是与表现出令人惊奇细节的绘画艺术的一种关联艺术。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。