宏观结构

The results show that the microscopical pore structure of the three dimensional orthogonal woven carbon fabric structure perform is composed of body-centered cubes which arranged periodically at spaces. The net structure and shape of the pores of perform are determined by the size and proration of the fasciculus diameter, which are key factors influencing the gaseous permeability and final density of composites. Once the proration of the fasciculus diameters of different directions is determined, the trend of diversification of the permeability followed by pore rate during CVI process and the density of composites are stated, and the permeability increases with the increase of the fasciculus diameter.

研究结果表明：三维正交结构炭纤维预制体的宏观孔隙结构在空间上可以看成是由呈周期性排列的体心立方"晶胞"构成； X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径大小及比例关系决定三维正交结构炭纤维预制体宏观孔隙网络的结构和形状，也是决定反应气体在孔隙中的比渗透率和复合材料最终致密度的重要因素；当 X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径的比例关系一定时，不同预制体在CVI增密过程中比渗透率随孔隙率变化的趋势相同；复合材料的最终致密度一定；比渗透率随纤维束直径增大而略有增大。

Theobserved strain is 10~2 times as local point strain at the same observed stress.This indicates that macroscopical symmetrical rock is quasi-brittle materialwith microcosmic heterogeneousness and its macroscopical mechanicalbehavior is the results of reciprocity and magnification between microcosmiccharacteristic, not simple sum.(4) The degree of irregularity of strain increases with the number of cycle.But degree of irregularity of transverse strain fluctuates larger at the samecycle. Moreover degree of irregularity of transverse strain is larger than that ofaxial strain. This shows that deformation and failure of rock is process ofevolvement of small crack. Small crack evolves from even and out-of-orderstatus to heterogeneous and ordinal status.(5) Ultrasonic speed decreases with the number of cycle. The decreasecourse is such: Firstly, ultrasonic speed fluctuates in a steady scope in somecycles; And then ultrasonic speed quickly decreases to a certain more smallvalue; Afterwards in succedent cycles, ultrasonic speed fluctuates about thevalue. That is to say, ultrasonic speed fluctuates and decreases at intervals ofcycles. In deformation process of rock, quantitative change and qualitativechange of its small crack evolvement carry through crosswise.(6) Strength and modulus of rock decrease with exponential function asscale of specimens increases.

同一表观应力下，局部点应变与表观应变相差可达2个数量级，表明宏观上均匀的岩石是具有细观特征的准脆性材料，其宏观力学行为是细观特征相互作用、放大的综合结果，而不是简单的叠加；(4)岩样轴向应变不均匀程度和横向应变不均匀程度随循环次数的增加渐进增大，但是在同一个循环内，横向应变离散系数随应力的变化波动较大，且同一循环级别下，横向应变不均匀程度大于轴向应变不均匀程度，表明岩石内部微裂纹的演化是岩石变形破坏的本质特征，这一演化表现为微裂纹从均匀无序分布逐渐向非均匀有序发展；(5)随循环次数的增加，所有岩样内部超声波速会出现衰减，衰减过程表现为在某几次循环内超声波速在某一相对范围内波动，然后急剧减小到某一较小值，在随后的循环内，超声波速又会保持在这一较小值附近波动，即超声波速表现为波动和急剧减小间隔形式衰减，表明从宏观看来平稳的岩石变形过程，内部结构演化过程(微裂纹发展及其相互作用)却表现为均匀量变和突发质变不断交叉进行的现象；(6)岩石强度和弹性模量随尺度增大呈指数函数规律减小。

The security market is the highly marketing place, so there is inevitably a close relationship between macroscopic economic operation and the security market. How to develop the security market and promote it coordinate with macro-economy under the lowly marketing level of macr

最后对证券市场和宏观经济波动周期异动机制进行分析，认为中国宏观经济周期是政府宏观经济政策调控下的总供给与总需求平衡的结果，并主要从政府行为、法规体系、市场结构、市场体系等方面探讨了证券市场存在的问题。

The macroscopic rheological parameters and microstructure parameters were closely related, it is helpful to explain the essence of multiple rheological properties through the analysis of which the wax evolution process and microstructure of the crude oil which is waxy and high viscosity; the yield time of gelled waxy crude oil monotone increases along with the decreasing of rate of shear (the time of stress effect prolonged), there was power function relationship between them, it can be expressed with ; when adding diesel oil to Sudan crude oil, dilute proportion bigger the eccentricity degree of paraffin particles were bigger too, that was to say the symmetry of wax crystal was better, the wax crystal form fabric more hardly when the intermolecular interaction was smaller; in the light of macroscopica, the fall extent of the abnormity temperature, solidifying point and viscosity could be larger along with the accretion of dilute proportion, as a result, it's rheological properties could be improved.

SD原油析蜡点为94℃，析蜡高峰为50～30℃，异常点为40℃；其蜡晶颗粒细小、对称性差，所以具有较大的比表面能，容易形成联生、联锁结构；损耗角曲线与储能模量曲线或损耗模量曲线的交点所对应的温度与原油凝点或倾点温度非常接近，大约在39℃左右；也就是说，含蜡原油粘弹特性曲线的交点可以表征其流动性；原油宏观流变参数与微观结构参数密切相关，原油析蜡过程及蜡晶微观结构分析有助于诠释易凝高粘原油多重流变特性的本质；胶凝含蜡原油的屈服时间随剪切速率的降低而单调增加，二者显然存在幂函数关系，可用关系式描述；当SD原油加柴油稀释处理时，稀释比越高，蜡晶颗粒的偏心度也越大，亦即蜡晶对称性越好，分子间作用力越小，蜡晶颗粒越不易形成结构，宏观表现为异常点、凝点及表观粘度等流变参数下降的幅度越大，流动性越好。

Base on core observation and grain size analysis, and under associated consideration of logging trace characteristics, Chang8 reservoir in study area is classified into three sedimentatal microfacies, subsea river, mouth bar and river flank.3.The mian diagenesis in study area are: mechanical compaction, cementation, metasomasis and denudation in late diagenetic phase.4. In allocation of reservoir macroscopic heterogeneity, more heterogeneticer reservoir, class 1 and class 2, mainly locate in the center of subsea river or crook and divaricate of the river; class 3 and class 4 mainly locate in river flank, and the physical property of these locality are better.5. Diagenesis of reservoir have influence on the pore structure which influences the reservoir microscopic heterogeneity. The better the pore structure is, the slighter the reservoir microscopic heterogeneity is; on the contrary, the reservoir microscopic heterogeneity is serious.

本次研究所取得的主要成果及熟悉有：1、将合水地区长8储层细分为6个小层：长8_1~1、长8_1~2、长8_1~3、长8_2~1、长8_2~2和长8_2~3.2、依据岩心观察和粒度分析，并结合测井曲线特征，研究区长8储层分为水下分流河道、河口坝和河道侧翼四种沉积微相。3、研究区主要经历的成岩作用有：机械压实和压溶作用、胶结作用、交代作用、晚成岩期溶解作用。4、从宏观非均质性平面展布特征来看研究区宏观非均质较强的1类和2类区主要分布于水下分流河道中间或河道拐弯和分又处。3类和4类往则主要分布于水下分流河道侧翼，这些地方储层均质性相对较好。5、储层成岩作用影响储层的孔隙结构，储层的孔隙结构又对储层的微观非均质性有不同程度的影响，孔隙结构越好，则储层的均质性越好，储层的孔隙结构差，则非均质性强。

The macroscopically leveltheory model advance and discuss the meaning and relation of such three conceptsas social structure,culture structure and personality structure,then explain howsocial structure and social transitionally take place.

本文的宏观的理论框架提出并论述了社会结构、文化结构和人格结构三个概念的内涵及其关系，解释了社会结构、文化结构和人格结构变迁的发生过程。

The results show that the microscopical pore structure of the three dimensional orthogonal woven carbon fabric structure perform is composed of body-centered cubes which arranged periodically at spaces. The net structure and shape of the pores of perform are determined by the size and proration of the fasciculus diameter, which are key factors influencing the gaseous permeability and final density of composites. Once the proration of the fasciculus diameters of different directions is determined, the trend of diversification of the permeability followed by pore rate during CVI process and the density of composites are stated, and the permeability increases with the increase of the fasciculus diameter.

研究结果表明：三维正交结构炭纤维预制体的宏观孔隙结构在空间上可以看成是由呈周期性排列的体心立方&晶胞&构成； X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径大小及比例关系决定三维正交结构炭纤维预制体宏观孔隙网络的结构和形状，也是决定反应气体在孔隙中的比渗透率和复合材料最终致密度的重要因素；当 X ， Y 和 Z 3个方向纤维束直径的比例关系一定时，不同预制体在CVI增密过程中比渗透率随孔隙率变化的趋势相同；复合材料的最终致密度一定；比渗透率随纤维束直径增大而略有增大。

At present, rental prices are lower, high-grade commercial space clearance rates remain high, the original high-grade investment real estate investors are the funds transferred to the office and other areas, buyers have also have lost power, all of these are indications that high-grade commercial housing虚热is waning, and this first of all, thanks to macro-control, is to tighten macro-control of the purchase of the second suite of loans pockets, tighten the期房transfer channels to bring the market reaction, Therefore, we have reason to believe that, if the structure of macro-control continues to adjust the direction of force, with the high-end housing market to occupy the mainstream of the industry pattern of change, high prices will eventually be inhibited.

目前，租金价格较低，高品位商业空间清除率仍然很高，原来的高档投资房地产投资者的资金转移到办公室和其他领域，买家也已失去力量，所有这些迹象表明，高档商品房虚热正在减弱，而这首先，由于宏观调控，是加强宏观调控的购买第二套房的贷款口袋，收紧了期房转让的渠道带来的市场反应，因此，我们有理由相信，如果结构的宏观调控继续调整方向的力量，与高端住宅市场占据主流的产业格局的变化，高油价将最终受到抑制。

In the worldwide basis tax reform policy and the domestic macro economic environment changes under the condition, at present Our country Enterprise income tax's tax revenue collection system, is manifesting the tax revenue fairly with the effic ie ncy, the display tax revenue to economic structure aspects and so on control action, tax revenue collection pattern and method, tax source monitoring and tax revenue services structure has many problems, adapted the socialist market economy objective request not completely, must analyze the question which earnestly the enterprise income tax collection aspect exists, and e XP lores the concrete countermeasure which positively the enterprise income tax collection reforms.

内容摘要：摘要：在世界性税改政策及国内的宏观经济环境发生变化的条件下，目前我国企业所得税的税收征管制度，在体现税收公平与效率、发挥税收对经济结构的调节作用、税收…摘要：在世界性税改政策及国内的宏观经济环境发生变化的条件下，目前我国企业所得税的税收征管制度，在体现税收公平与效率、发挥税收对经济结构的调节作用、税收的征管模式与手段、税源监控及税收服务体系等方面存在诸多问题，已不完全适应社会主义市场经济的客观要求，必须认真分析企业所得税征管方面存在的问题，并积极探索企业所得税征管改革的具体对策。

The main research contents are as follows:1. Through massive calculation, analysis and comparison, sum up the similarities and differences between the special-shaped cross sections and rectangular cross sections in mechanical features, between reinforced concrete special-shaped columns and rectangular columns in load-bearing capacity, ductility performance and provide necessary basic concepts and data for further understanding the characteristics of the special-shaped columns;2. Through massive elastic calculations and elasto-plastic analysis, under the preconditions of satisfying the code's requirements for axial compression ratio, limit value of lateral displacement and load-bearing capacity of normal section,oblique section and beam-column joint, under circumstances of different intensity of earthquake, structure dead weight, sort of site and column grid bay dimension, the variation regularity of maximum suitable height of structure, and thus sum up the maximum suitable height of structure for code for the purpose of macro-control while deciding the design scheme;3. Make a preliminary study on the stress feature of reinforced concrete special-shaped column and Z-shaped column of which the ratio of limb length to limb thickness is between 4~5 ,and the preliminary design method is suggested;4. Through elato-plastic time history dynamic analysis of typical projects, check up the weak storey of the special-shaped column structure and yielding, breaking and collapse mechanism to satisfy the earthquake resistant requirement to buildings of remaining stand under strong earthquake;5. Derive for project use simplified calculation formula of vibration period, suitable vibration period, suitable rigidity of special-shaped column structure through theoretical analysis, and provide an easy and practical method for deciding the structure scheme economically, safely and reasonably;6. Based on the study achievements in theory and massive analysis and calculations of this paper, sum up the regularities of inner force, deformation of special-shaped column structure and seismic conceptual design, and thus the suggection of seismic design of special-shaped column structures is presented.

本文研究的主要内容如下：通过大量的计算、分析和对比，总结出异形截面与矩形截面在力学特性、钢筋混凝土异形截面柱与矩形截面柱在承载能力、延性性能等方面的异同，为深入了解异形截面柱的特点提供必要的基本概念和数据；通过大量的弹性及弹塑性计算分析，在满足规程对轴压比、侧移限值及正截面、斜截面、节点承载力抗震验算要求的前提下，在不同抗震设防烈度、结构自重、场地类别及柱网开间尺寸情况下最大适宜高度的变化规律，并在此基础上总结归纳出异形柱结构的最大适用高度规定，可用于规程，以便于在确定方案时起到宏观控制的作用；对肢长与肢厚比在4～5的钢筋混凝土异形截面柱及Z形柱的受力特点进行初步探讨，提出初步的设计方法；通过对典型工程的弹塑性动力时程分析，检验异形柱结构的薄弱层及屈服、破坏、倒塌机制，以达到建筑物大震不倒的抗震设防要求；通过理论分析，推导出异形柱结构自振周期，以及适宜自振周期、适宜刚度的工程实用简化计算公式，为经济、安全、合理地确定结构方案提供简便实用的方法；在本文理论分析、计算以及大量的研究成果基础上，总结归纳出异形柱结构内力、变形的规律及抗震概念设计内容，并在此基础上提出异形柱结构的抗震设计建议。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。