完整系统

They include the fundamental concepts of jet bundle geometry needed in describing time-dependent mechanical systems, decomposition of jet bundles into a direct sum according to the constraints, horizontal distributions on constraint mainifolds, the global formulation of D'Alembert-Lagrange's equations and Chaplygin's equations, and nonholonomic mechanics on a Riemann-Cartan manifold. Meanwhile, the geometric significance of Chetaev's conditions and $\rd$-$\delta$ commutation relation are discussed in depth.

本文主要综述非完整约束系统几何动力学的外附型和内禀型Lagrange理论，包括非定常力学系统所需要的射丛几何学的基本概念、射丛按约束的直和分解、约束流形上的水平分布、 D'Alembert-Lagrange方程与Chaplygin方程的整体描述、以及Riemann-Cartan流形上的非完整力学，文中对Chetaev条件和d-δ交换关系的几何意义作了深入讨论。

The definitions of intrinsical linear nonholonomic constrain and intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain are put forward in this paper. The nonholonomic systems are divided into intrinsical linear nonholonomic system and intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic system.The rational spectrums of all kinds of virtual displacement definitions and commutativity of d,?

本文研究了非完整动力学中使不定性问题确定化的交换关系和将非线性问题线性化的虚位移定义，首次证明并给出了在非完系统中各种虚位移定义与交换关系的合理适用范围，指出完整动力学与本质线性非完整动力学在研究方法上具有相同性。

Complete research and induction regarding the special attribute and inherent law of movement of the artificial system is done through constructing the dynamic evolution model of artificial system and etc. Furthermore, guidelines on the analysis and the design of the artificial systems are deducted. Consequently, a set of rather integrated ideology of the engineering system theory is formed. This lays a solid foundation to the development of the engineering system theory, which is a new subject.

文中在讨论系统理论的人工系统领域应用时，提出了工程系统理论的新概念，尝试将抽象的人作为人工系统的重要组成要素，通过构造人工系统的动态进化模型等手段，对人工系统的特有属性及本征运动规律进行了深入研究和归纳，进而推演出人工系统分析、设计准则，形成了一套较完整的工程系统理论思想体系。

What this paper finished mainly work as follows: Five-phase hybrid step motor driver system with fixed-chopping frequency and constant total current driving is fully described. Mathematical model of the system, included the current control circuit, power driving circuit and five-phase hybrid stepping motor is established. The steady modeling of the system is established and studied. Based on the steady modeling of the system, dynamic modeling of the system is studied and single step response characteristic is constructed with MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results, which is certified by the theory analysis, coincide with the theory analysis.

本文主要完成的工作包括几个方面：对五相混合式步进电动机恒频斩波恒总流驱动系统进行了完整的描述；建立了包括电流控制电路、功率驱动电路以及五相混合式步进电动机在内的恒频斩波恒总流驱动系统的完整的数学模型；基于MATLAB/Simulink建立了恒频斩波恒总流驱动系统稳态仿真模型，并进行了仿真；在建立其稳态仿真模型的基础上，对动态模型进行研究，并借助于MATLAB/Simulink工具建立了恒频斩波恒总流驱动系统单步响应特性的仿真模型并对其单步响应特性进行了仿真研究，仿真结果与理论分析相符。

In this thesis we study the theory of information retrieval, and describe a full-text index system that support Chinese word separation and document abstract generation based on Lucene.

最后，本文描述了对上述系统的集成，以构成一个完整的搜索引擎系统的方法，为Web 挖掘和搜索引擎的研究和开发提供了一个完整的可行的框架。

The similarity logic calculus systems based on incomplete information and incomplete case knowledge is constructed by using a first order modal logic and a simplified second order predicate calculus. The grammar、semantics and inference rule are described.

采用传统的一阶模态谓词逻辑和简化的二阶谓词逻辑分别构建了基于信息不完整和实例知识不完整的相似性逻辑演算系统IISL和IKSL，给出了系统的语法、语义和推理规则。

The innovation of this paper is in order to make a systemic and integrated research of 'hinese milch cow industry, based on the previous research.

本文的主要创新是在综合国内外对于奶牛业研究成果的基础上，力图比较全面、系统地对中国奶牛业粗放式发展过程中各个环节存在的问题进行较为详细的探讨、分析与论证，力图使国内对中国奶牛业的研究达到一个由割裂到完整的状态，为建立一个系统、完整的中国奶牛业研究体系而努力。

Presents a new formulation of Lagrange s equations by using an augmented Lagrangian function with the first order non linear nonholonomic constraint equations, and offers a unified variational approach to both holonomic and nonholonomic constraints.

采用带有二阶非线性非完整约束方程的扩张性拉氏函数，建立起了拉格朗日方程的又一新公式，该新公式较为规则，它提供了一种完整约束系统和非完整约束系统两者统一的变分方法。

It has the following characteristics: 2D drawings can be maintained with a high degree of consistency of 3D model; CAD /CAPP /CAM are integrated by the generation of comp lete manufacturing information and the integrated digital p roduction line of shell, outfitting and painting is imp lemented basically; the generation of comp lete manufacturing and management information of shell, outfitting and painting lays the foundation for the integration of design, manufacturing and management; the entity and parametrized technology is used to ensure the establishment of ship p roductmodelwith comp lete topology relations; and the data interfaces for the heterogeneous CAD data and information integration ensure the collaborative design for the factories and the institutes.

SPD系统具有如下特点：能保持三维模型与二维图纸的高度一致；通过生成完整的加工制造信息实现CAD/CAPP/CAM集成，基本打通&壳、舾、涂一体化&的数字化生产线；通过生成壳、舾、涂完整的制造和管理信息，为实现船舶&设计、制造、管理一体化&奠定基础；通过实体和参数化技术为建立具有完整拓扑关系的船舶产品模型提供有力手段；并通过与其他系统的数据接口实现异构CAD的数据和信息集成，为厂、所协同设计创造技术条件等。

The paper investigates both block-type pilot linear minimum mean square error algorithm and IEEE802.16 OFDM channel estimation analysis. Simulation results confirm the block-type pilot structure is more suitable for IEEE802.16 system. An optimal pilot setting algorithm, based on space frequency domain, is explored and the pilot chart is presented. The proposed algorithm finds its application in MIMO-OFDM. Simulation results show the algorithm presents a good approximation to the perfect channel state information curve, with about 2dB difference in SNR. The simulation results also demonstrate the algorithm achieves fairly high stability in the environment of fast fading, performance of the proposed algorithm is better that of pilot training channel estimation.3. Taking into account the characteristics of IEEE802.16 OFDM system, OFDM system simulation platform is constructed in Matlab, exploiting simulink as a tool. OFDM modulation and demodulation simulation system are configured on LabVIEW platform. All the system signal processing is simulated, including defining system parameters, designing modulation model, and verifying all the proposed algorithms under different environments, such as white Gaussian noise, multi-path fading, with or without guard interval etc. Bit error performance is evaluated. The research provides valid theoretical basis for practical OFDM system performance evaluation.4. Taking advantage of software radio, the paper designs a hardware platform with both 256-IFFT/FFT and 512-IFFT/FFT OFDM schemes co-existing in one platform. You can predetermine one from the two schemes to carry out almost the same model function with different system performance and parameter setting.5. Referring to IEEE802.16 standard, the paper proposes a design method for generating signals and frames suitable for laboratory investigations implemented in laboratory environment.6. Based on 6701evm digital evaluation card, combined with analogy front-end, the paper designs a DSP software model to deal with baseband signal processing. An overall OFDM scheme, with modulation and demodulation function, is accomplished.

讨论分析了MIMO-OFDM中一种基于空频域的最优导频设置算法，给出了导频图案，通过仿真实验表明，该算法与理想的信道状态信息曲线非常接近，信噪比差距约在2dB左右，并且在快衰落条件下具有较好的稳定性，其性能要优于基于前导训练的信道估计方法。3、根据IEEE802.16OFDM系统特点，论文分别在Matlab中应用Simulink工具构建OFDM系统仿真平台、在LabVIEW平台上实现了OFDM调制解调仿真系统，模拟了整个系统的信号流程，进行了OFDM仿真系统参数的选择和调制模块的仿真设计、论证各算法性能，并根据各种不同的条件：例如高斯噪声、多径衰落、有无保护间隔等，对系统的误码特性进行了评估，为正确评价实际OFDM系统的性能提供了有效的理论依据。4、论文以软件无线电思想作为指导，提出了以256点IFFT／FFT为核心和以512点IFFT／FFT为核心的两种OFDM算法模式并存于同一个硬件平台、且可预选的方案，它们在参数选取和性能指标上有所差异，均实现了相似的模块和功能。5、论文参考IEEE 802.16无线网络标准的参数设置，针对本设计系统的应用环境和系统硬件的性能速率，提出了一种应用于实验室环境的信号结构、帧格式等参数设计。6、论文基于TI公司的6701evm数字评估板卡，结合模拟前端搭建数字中频平台，设计了基带处理的DSP软件模块并进行系统调试，基本实现了一套完整的OFDM调制解调方案。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。