完整系统

Due to total angular momentum conservation about the system centre of mass, a torque-free spacecraft system with space manipulators becomes the nonholonomic control system.

自由漂浮空间机械臂系统在无外力矩作用时，系统的动量矩守恒而成为非完整系统。

Due to the total angular momentum conservation to the system centre of mass, the free-drifting spacecraft system becomes a nonholonomic one without considering the external forces moment acting on it.

空间自由漂浮的航天器系统在忽略外力矩的作用时，系统因对总质心的角动量矩守恒而成为非完整系统。

Chapter two proposes the unified form of Hojman"s conservation law and Lutzky"s conservation law. Firstly, the author introduces the general Lie group of transformations that the variations of both the time and the generalized coordinates are considered, derives the determining equation of Lie symmetry for the system, presents a new conservation law, which contains the Hojman"s and the Lutzky"s conservation law as two special cases, and obtains a condition to exclude trivial Hojmans conserved quantities.

第二章，Hojman定理和Lutzky定理的统一形式：首先，引入一般意义下的Lie变换群(即位型变量q_s和时间变量t同时变换)，给出系统的Lie对称性确定方程，提出一个新的守恒律，Hojman定理与Lutzky定理则分别是这个新守恒律在两个特殊情况下的推论，导出一个可排除平凡Hojman守恒量的定理，并分别讨论了Birkhoff系统和非完整系统的Lie对称性和Hojman守恒量，最后，讨论了Hamilton系统的梅对称性与Lie对称性的关系，给出了由梅对称性求Hojman守恒量的方法。

A unified form of Hamilton principle in intrinsical linear nonholonomic system is studied in chapter 4. Lastly, this paper presents the conclusion and the prospects of the nonholonomic dynamics.

本文首次提出了本质线性非完整约束和本质非线性非完整约束的概念，并将非完整系统区分为本质线性和本质非线性两种不同的情况。

Hamilton principle can be used in holonomic system and intrinsical linear nonholnomic system. The formulas of them are unified. Hamiltonian action is stability in intrinsical linear nonholnomic system.

本文将Hamilton原理应用到本质线性非完整系统，首次证明了在本质线性非完整系统中，Hamilton作用量为稳定的作用量；将完整系统和本质线性非完整系统的Hamilton原理从形式和本质上统一起来。

Secondly, by introducing the generators of the infinitesimal transformations of Jourdain, the Noether′s theorem for the above nonholonomic systems of variable mass in event space has been obtained, which is based upon the invariance of the differential variational principle under the infinitesimal transformations of group.

这一成果揭示了力学系统的守恒量和其内在的对称性的关系，极大地推动了力学、物理学的发展。在近20年来，国内外的许多学者相继对Noether定理做了多方面的推广，不但用Hamilton作用量而且用微分变分原理研究完整和非完整系统的守恒律。

By this definition, a "release" creates a forcing function that ensures a shippable product, rather than a system that is only 80 percent complete.

根据此 定义，发布就是生成推出产品时的完整版本，而不是所谓的一个完整系统的80%内容。

The first chapter presents a comprehensive study of nonholonomic dynamics. They are studied that the nonlinear problem and un-determinate problem of virtual displacement in nonholonomic system in the second chapter. In chapter 3, they are studied that Chetaev model and Vacco model in nonholonomic system.

第一章对非完整动力学研究的有关现状进行了综合评述；第二章研究了非完整系统虚位移关系的不定性问题与非线性问题；第三章比较研究了一般非完整系统的Chetaev模型和Vacco模型；第四章研究了本质线性非完整系统的Hamilton原理；第五章给出了本文的结论与有关研究的展望。

Operations are given and testified in this paper. The research methods of intrinsical linear nonholonomic dynamics are similar to those of holonomic dynamics.The rationality and equivalence of Chetaev model and Vacco model in the intrinsical linear nonholonomic system are testified from the mathematic and mechanical aspects. The essential reason is the nonlinear property of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain that bring on Chetaev model and Vacco model inequivalent. Chetaev model is a linear approximate method in intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic system. Vacco dynamical equations are not satisfied to the ideal constraint force conditions, but it gives a significative ponderation on the realizations of intrinsical nonlinear nonholonomic constrain.

本文比较研究了一般非完整系统的Chetaev模型和Vacco模型，首次从力学和数学的角度论证了这两种模型在完整系统和本质线性非完整系统中的合理性和等价性；同时给出了在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型和Vacco模型不等价的根本原因，是由本质非线性非完整约束的不确定性非线性本质所导致的；指出在本质非线性非完整系统中，Chetaev模型是一种线性近似的结果，Vacco动力学方程虽然不满足约束力的理想性质，但是为我们研究本质非线性非完整约束的物理实现提供了有益的思考。

In the paper, a integrate evaluation system for wasteless mining is set up from theory to practice. The plan and design is very important to the realization of wasteless mining.

从矿产资源特点、设计的科学思维基础、无废开采的特点到无废开采设计原则、内容及程序等方面进行了完整系统的讨论，形成了一套完整的无废开采设计方法、体系。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。