安全装置

The basic approach of protecting people from being hurt or killed in an accident is to improve crashworthiness of vehicles. This paper starts with discussing theories and methods for vehicle passive safety design, which included experiential methods, analytic methods, multi-body dynamics methods, crash test methods and the finite element method. Emphasis will be paid to the basic FEM theories and algorithms of impact problems. Topics discussed include the governing equation, element discretization, hourglass control, time integration, material model, shell element algorithms and contact-impact algorithms. For more reliable simulation results, this paper then conducts study on how to accurately get material model parameters by combining the FEM method with experimental method, and develops relevant material test machine and parameter calculating software. Based on that, basic typical impact simulation and test validation study are conducted. On the basis of the above work, the paper studies the thin-shell structures'crashworthiness, which was affected by the following factors: spot-weld features, shell thickness, cross-section and pre-deformation. As to vehicle parts'crashworthiness, the paper conducts simulation study of designing energy-absorbing steering system and adaptive airbag system. A practical energy-absorbing steering wheel is designed as an example. In further depth research, the paper suggests several inverse quantificational methods for vehicle crashworthiness design based on the ideal crash characteristics. The above theories and methods are applied with good results through several practical vehicles' crashworthiness design and improvement.

文中对汽车碰撞安全性的设计理论和方法进行了归类和总结，其中包括经验法、解析法、多刚体动力学法、试验法以及有限元方法等；重点介绍了碰撞有限元法的基本理论和有关算法，涉及到有限元求解控制方程、单元离散、沙漏模态控制、时间积分、材料模型和应力修正、薄壳单元算法以及接触碰撞界面算法等，探讨了有限元计算中的材料模型参数获取技术，开发了相应的材料试验装置及材料模型参数反求软件，在此基础上进行了基本的碰撞仿真算例和试验对比研究；文中通过应用有限元方法研究了薄壁构件的碰撞吸能特性，指出了设计薄壁吸能构件时需要考虑的几个主要影响因素，即焊点、壁厚、横截面和预变形等；在关于车辆部件的碰撞安全性能设计中进行了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究，提出了吸能转向机构和自适应安全气囊的仿真研究方法；文中最后探讨了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进方法，提出了以理想碰撞特性为目标，采用分段加速度或者根据碰撞时间进行设计的反推设计法、部件吸能仿真优化设计法等量化设计方法，并通过综合应用文中所讨论的相关技术进行了整车碰撞性能的设计与改进实例研究，所选定的车型是大众化的普通轿车和碰撞安全性基础较差的微型面包车，研究结果表明，本文所提出的设计与改进方法是适用而有效的，具有重要的工程实用意义和价值。

In such circumstances, without the security guards of stamping equipment, one's hands can easily be injured.so, it is an important task for preventing the accident from happening to strengthen security protection and security management and to improve the degree of mechanization in the production of stamping.

在这种情况下，如果冲压设备和模具没有安全防护装置，就极易发生伤手事故。所以，在冲压生产中加强安全防护、安全管理和提高机械化程度，是防止事故发生的一项重要任务。

The invention provides a passenger bridge capable of performing safety inspection, which is mainly used in air harbor. It is characterized that there are safety inspection devices set up in the bridge. The bridge has inside gangway and outside gangway.

本发明公开了一种主要用于空港的安全检测型旅客登机桥，一种安全检测型旅客登机桥，其特征在于，所述登机桥上设有安全检测装置。

Arc cutting;Arc welding;Arc welding cables;Arc-welding equipment;Blowpipes;Connectored joints;Construction requirements;Definition;Definitions;Degrees of protection;Dimensioning;Electric contact protection;Electrical engineering;Electrical safety;Environmental condition;Equipment;Feed;Feeder units;Feeding devices;Filler wire;MAG welding;Manual arc welding;Marking;MIG welding;Operating instructions;Performance requirements;Plasma arc cutting;Plasma-arc welding;Protection against electric shocks;Protective measures;Safety;Safety devices;Safety requirements;Specification;Temperature range;Test conditions;Testing;Testing conditions;Welding;Welding engineering;Welding equipment;Welding power supply;Wire guiding;Wires

中文标题电弧焊设备。第5部分：焊丝进料装置中文主题词弧切割；弧焊；电弧焊接电揽；电弧焊接设备；下流管；接头；施工要求；定义；保护程度；标注；电气接触保护；电气工程；电气保护；环境条件；设备；进料；进料单元；进料设备；填丝；MAG 焊接；手工电弧焊；做标记；MIG 焊接；操作说明；性能要求；等离子弧切割；等离子弧焊接；电击防护；保护措施；安全；安全仪；安全要求；规范；温度范围；试验条件；试验；焊接；焊接工程；焊接设备；焊接电源；线材指示；线

The necessary setups, including the inflator fixing setup, the fire device, the data acquisition system and the safety equipment etc, were built.

同时搭建了整套试验装置，包括容器密封固定装置、点火装置、数据采集记录系统和相关的安全保护设备等。

Since the installation of fire safety is not a part of a building structure and the seismic building design code does not include fire water pipings, the design of them in Taiwan does usually not consider the seismic effect. This study first collected and summarized the relevant seismic design codes and fire control standards from U.S., Japan, China and Taiwan to understand the internationally adopted methods for seismic from designs of fire water pipings. This study also gathered engineering cases and photographs of the installation of the shock resistance hangers of fire water pipings in high technology factory buildings. Then, this study presented a proposal for seismic design principles. we hope this can attract attentions from government authorities and the fire safety business sector and to rise concerns of the seismic design of fire safety installation; and therefore set up a clear and practical criterion for the engineers and finally reduce the damage of post earthquake fires.

由於消防安全设备向来都是归属於非结构物，国内一般在进行结构设计时并未将消防管路纳入耐震设计的范畴内，本研究系针对建筑物内消防管路的耐震设计为议题，搜集并整理出美国、日本、大陆及国内等相关建筑和消防规范的执行现况，以了解目前国际上在消防管路方面所采取的耐震设计手法，本研究也同时汇整了目前国内重大科技厂房新建工程在消防撒水管路耐震吊架上，所采用的设计案例和实际装置后照片，祈能藉由此案例唤起国内相关主管单位和消防业界对建筑物内消防安全设备耐震力设计的关注，共同研议订定出明确、实用且可供大家遵循的消防安全设备耐震设计准则，以减低国内在地震后火灾所造成的危害。

Double safe antiskid system, from column ladder safe to close protection by dynamic hydraulic pressure, Ensure double safe stay for vehicle, included guard rail

安全：5、双保险安全防滑落装置，从立柱阶梯保险到电动液压封闭保护，保证车体双重安全滞留，含防护栏

Promax Tension Ind Corp has long sold and manufactured a variety of custo mized air shafts/ air chucks/ safety chucks, edge position control systems/ EPC, powder/ air/ disk brakes and clutches, AC/DC motor control systems, re-winding/ un-winding systems

本公司长久以来已经从事制造及销售有关纸类，薄膜，胶片，纺织品，橡胶等薄片卷材的卷筒物控制糸统周边设备，诸如气涨轴，气涨/安全夹头，边缘追踪器装置，磁粉/气压/碟式煞车器及离合器，交直流转矩马达控制系统，收放料车动系统，张力控制装置，印刷机静态观测器，自动套色控制装置，伺服向量控制系统，人机介面及监控系统及其他有关印刷，贴合，分条，复卷，涂布，上胶，押出，淋膜等产业机械。

Analyses the features and the problems of the hydraulic station with the cross spring electro-hydraulic pressure regulator and improves the station by replacing the cross spring electro-hydraulic pressure regulator with the electromagnetic proportional valve.

分析了十字弹簧电液调压装置液压站的特点及存在的问题，采用BYMD型电磁比例阀代替十字弹簧电液调压装置，对液压站进行改造，实践证明，改造后的液压站性能明显优于改造前，提高了提升系统的安全可靠性，对正在使用十字弹簧电液调压装置液压站的改造具有推广价值。

Motorola has three divisions: the mobile-devices operation that produces cellphones; the enterprise-and-government division that makes public-safety radios and hand-held devices for workers on the road; and the home-and-networks division that makes cable-television set-top boxes and telecommunications-network gear.

摩托罗拉包括三个业务部门：生产手机的移动装置运营部门，为公路作业人员提供公共安全无线电设备和手持装置的企业政府部门，以及制造有线电视机顶盒和电信网络装置的家庭网络部门。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。